1. Native American ~ European Relationships

2. Initial Contact Some tribes were hostile Other tribes gave starving Europeans food and showed them how to grow crops and use their natural resources Other tribes stole food from the English settlers at Charlestown

3. Dr. Henry Woodward first British colonist of colonial South Carolina established relationships with many Native American Indians established trade, primarily in deerskins and slaves, with many Indian towns and tribes.

4. Disease European explorers and settlers brought infectious diseases to North America Native Americans had no natural immunity Chicken pox and measles, though common and rarely fatal among Europeans, often proved deadly to Native Americans. Epidemics often immediately followed European exploration and sometimes destroyed entire village populations

5. Views and Beliefs When Europeans purchased or rented land, they believed it belonged only to them. Native Americans believed land was owned by a group for the good of everybody

6. Views and Beliefs These two different views on land ownership created a problem because the Europeans expected the Native Americans to move off the land once they paid for it Native Americans thought they had just give Europeans the right to use the land WITH them not INSTEAD of them.

7. Treaties Letter of Friendship (Cherokee and British) 1730 Signed between 7 Cherokee chiefs (confederation) and Great Britain Made Indians believe they were allies; made British believe Indians were subjects Treaty of Saluda Old Town 1755 Signed between SC gov’t and Cherokee Cherokee recognized British kings as their ruler and turned over land SC gov’t agreed to stop selling rum to the Indians, provide more Indian traders, and guaranteed better prices for trade groups

9. Treaties Treaty of Augusta 1763 Signed by four southern governors and the Cherokee, Catawba, Chickasaw, Creek, and Choctaw Indians agreed to stop fighting and give up land to the British Catawba given reservation near Rock Hill Boundary line established between Cherokee land and colony land restricting where colonists could settle

10. Treaties Treaty of 1785 Signed by US gov’t and Cherokee Both sides released prisoners Cherokee understood they were protected by the US Redefined boundary lines on land as well as who could live there Cherokees would turn over criminals US would punish anyone committing a crime against a Cherokee

11. No more retaliation for attacks US regulate Indian trade Provisions made for US trade Indians would tell US if anyone was going to do something against them Cherokee could send a rep. to Congress Agreed to peace and friendship

12. Wars Yemassee War 1715-1716 Involved most tribes that traded with the settlers Yemassee attacked Port Royal, Yemassee, and Poctaligo because for years they had been charged high prices by traders and cheated in business deals Cherokee tribe helped the settlers Most of the Yemassee Indians died Taught colonists that they had to protect themselves and treat Indians better

13. Wars Cherokee War 1759 Gov. could not control Indians or Indian traders Gov. tried to force Cherokee to do what he wanted Imposed an embargo on Indian trade Cherokee attacked settlements in western SC Cherokee chiefs went to Charles Town to work out problems Gov. refused to meet with them and held them hostage until British were released

14. Cherokee responded by attacking settlements and killing settlers including women and children British troops came to support the militia and burned down crops and Cherokee towns as well as killed Indians including women and children British troops left after being defeated by the Cherokee More British troops came and drove the Cherokee into the mountains Took more than two years to get a peace treaty

15. Alliances After Yemassee war, colonists were technically at peace with all Indians tribes in the territory Catawba helped colonists against hostile tribes Creek and Choctaw maintained contact with colonists but remained neutral during conflicts

16. Trading Deerskin Trading –European settlers traded beads, trinkets, guns, and alcohol for deerskins that they exported to England to make into clothes Indian Slave Trade –Many Native Americans were captured and sold into slavery in the Caribbean