Warm Up Grab one playing card and worksheet from on top of filing cabinet. Do not look at the card!!!

Exploration of the New World

Causes for European Exploration European desire for new trade routes Growing power and wealth of European nations Competition for trade Missionaries’ desire to convert others to Christianity

Effects of European Exploration Knowledge grows about other regions Europeans and Native Americans clash Enslavement of Africans Rivalry in the Americas grows

Early Portuguese Voyages Reasons Wanted to find easier route to West African gold Henry II wondered what lay beyond Hired astronomers, geographers, and mathematicians to share with sailors and shipbuilders Gold Coast Henry the Navigator

Bartholomeu Dias 1487 King John II of Portugal sent him to southernmost part of Africa Terrible storms at southern tip Called it “Cape of Storms” King John called it Cape of Good Hope because there was hope that it may lead to new trade route

Vasco da Gama ships from Portugal to find trade route to India Reached Calicut in India in st to make this trip

Christopher Columbus Misconceptions We think that the people of the 15 th century believed world was flat, while actually educated people believed it was round, but just underestimated the size They believed one giant ocean seperated Europe from Asia

Christopher Columbus 1492 King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain funded Spain funded Columbus because he said he would bring Christianity to any lands he found and if route to Asia was found, Spain would become powerful and wealthy Columbus wanted to go on trip because he wanted to prove he could get to Asia by sailing west and Queen Isabella promised him a share of any riches gained from the lands he discovered.

Christopher Columbus First Voyage Left Spain August 3, 1492 Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria were the names of his ships He had 90 other sailors with him His crew grew upset after a month at sea Columbus convinced them they were almost there by lying about the distance they traveled October 12, 1492 at 2:00 in morning, the crew found land This land was believed to be the East Indies off coast of India Actually had landed on one of the islands of present day Bahamas and named it San Salvador, and claimed it for Spain

Christopher Columbus Called local people Indians Noted in journal that the Indians were awed by the Europeans and would often touch them to find out “if they were flesh and bones like themselves.” Upon his return to Spain, Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand agreed to fund his future voyages and gave Columbus the title of Admiral of the Ocean Sea.

Other voyages of Columbus 1493, 1498, 1502 Explored modern day Haiti, Dominican Republic, Cuba, Jamaica, coasts of Central American and northern South America. He claimed land for Spain and established settlements These explorations made it clear that he had not reached Asia, but a new part of globe that was unknown. Spain had more voyages exploring the Caribbean and Latin America, establishing a Spanish Empire.

Line of Demarcation Spain and Portugal wanted to protect their new lands, and asked Pope Alexander VI for help He drew a line splitting the Atlantic Ocean in half, everything to the west was Spain’s, and everything to the east was Portugal Portugal complained it was unfair and favored Spain In 1494, Treaty of Tordesillas moved the line further west and divided the unexplored new world between the two countries

Line of Demarcation

Columbian Exchange

Amerigo Vespucci 1499 Mapped South America’s coastline and concluded South America was its own continent, not part of Asia Geographer’s in 1500’s started referring to this continent as America in honor of Vespucci

Vasco Nunez de Balboa 1513 explored jungles of Panama, looked for the storied “great waters” beyond the mountains of Central America After days of hiking, he saw a large body of water, waded in it, and claimed it and any connecting lands for Spain First European to see the Pacific Ocean

Spanish Conquest Hernan Cortes shows up with 600 men Cortes and his men were know as conquistadores, or conquerers. They brought muskets and horses, which the Indians did not know what they were.

Spanish Conquest Most important factor of conquest was not weapons, it was disease. - Natives had no immune system for the European diseases. First epidemic, or widespread outbreak, of smallpox hit central Mexico in greatly weakened the Aztec tribes and allowed Cortes to finish his conquest by Cortes renames this area “New Spain.”

Ferdinand Magellan Spain sent him to find route to Asia around S. America 1519 Five ships and over 200 men sent along coast of S. America November 1520, found a narrow strip of water to sail, and is now called the Strait of Magellan. “We are about to stand (go) into an ocean where no ship has ever sailed before.” Named it the Pacific Ocean, which means peaceful

Ferdinand Magellan Expected to reach Asia in just a few weeks after passing S. Americ Voyage lasted 4 months Sailors ate sawdust, rats, and leather to stay alive due to no food Magellan was killed during a fight in the Phillipines After almost 3 years at sea, only 1 ship and 18 sailors complete the voyage and became the first to circumnavigate, or sail around, the world

Giovanni da Verrazzano Italian hired by French merchants and given supplies by King Francis I Hired to find a sea route to Asia Made land fall in 1524 at what is now known as the Cape Fear River Then traveled north to the Pamlico and Albermarle Sounds, west of the Outer Banks, which he believed to be the Pacific Ocean

Hernando De Soto Hernando De Soto of Spain traveled through Western NC to discover Appalachian Mts. Juan Pardo of Spain was to claim lands for Spain and route used to protect silver in Mexico Moved west through NC to find food and supplies All soldiers and forts were killed and destroyed by the Native Americans which caused Spain not to come back