1. Age of Exploration Chapters 14-15

2. Age of Exploration Section 1 The Search For Spices Section 1 The Search For Spices I. Europeans take to the seas I. Europeans take to the seas The Black Death had disrupted trade routes, so there was not as much Trade between Europe and Asia. The Black Death had disrupted trade routes, so there was not as much Trade between Europe and Asia. Exploration had also been held to a minimum because of the Black Death. Exploration had also been held to a minimum because of the Black Death. Improved technology allowed Europeans to take to the seas (open sea exploration) Improved technology allowed Europeans to take to the seas (open sea exploration) –Cartographers, or mapmakers, were able to make more accurate maps and sea charts. –European sailors learned to use an astrolabe which is an instrument developed by the Greeks and Arabians –Europeans developed larger and better ships. The Portuguese developed the caravel which combined the square sails of European ships with Arab lateen, or triangle sails.

3. Age of Exploration II. Portuguese Pioneers II. Portuguese Pioneers Prince Henry of Portugal was interested in sea exploration Prince Henry of Portugal was interested in sea exploration –He wanted to conquer the Muslims. –He also wanted to find African Gold. –Henry set up a navigation school. Dias of Portugal rounded the tip of Africa (Cape of Good Hope) Dias of Portugal rounded the tip of Africa (Cape of Good Hope) Vasco Da Gama went around the Cape of Good Hope and around to India for spices. Vasco Da Gama went around the Cape of Good Hope and around to India for spices.

4. Da Gama

5. Age of Exploration III. Spain Enters the Race III. Spain Enters the Race A. Christopher Columbus, an Italian sailor, wanted to reach the East Indies by going the opposite way (West). He believed that the earth was round and that he could reach the East Indies. However, he underestimated the circumference of the earth and had no idea that North and South America lay ahead. A. Christopher Columbus, an Italian sailor, wanted to reach the East Indies by going the opposite way (West). He believed that the earth was round and that he could reach the East Indies. However, he underestimated the circumference of the earth and had no idea that North and South America lay ahead. 1. After being rejected once, Columbus convinced King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain to finance his voyage. 1. After being rejected once, Columbus convinced King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain to finance his voyage. 2. On August 3, 1492, the Pinta, Nina, and Santa Maria, set sail. 2. On August 3, 1492, the Pinta, Nina, and Santa Maria, set sail. 3. The crew grew anxious as rations ran low. The sailors almost rebelled and threw Columbus overboard. 3. The crew grew anxious as rations ran low. The sailors almost rebelled and threw Columbus overboard. –On October 12, 1492, a crewmember spotted land and went ashore on what is today the Bahamas. Specifically, they landed on the island of San Salvador. –He thought he had reached the East Indies. Therefore, he called the people living in the region _Indians_. –Columbus made a total of four voyages to the new world. Each time he was convinced he had reached East Asia.

6. Age of Exploration Why do we call it America then? Why do we call it America then? –Amerigo Vespucci (map maker)

7. Age of Exploration Now both Spain and Portugal began to claim lands in the new world. Pope Alexander IV (Borgia Pope) stepped in to settle the dispute. He set up a Line of Demarcation that divided the non- European world into two zones. Spain had the right to explore and claim lands to the west of that line and Portugal had the right to explore east of that line. Portugal got ripped off. This is known as the Treaty of Tordesillas. Now both Spain and Portugal began to claim lands in the new world. Pope Alexander IV (Borgia Pope) stepped in to settle the dispute. He set up a Line of Demarcation that divided the non- European world into two zones. Spain had the right to explore and claim lands to the west of that line and Portugal had the right to explore east of that line. Portugal got ripped off. This is known as the Treaty of Tordesillas.

8. Age of Exploration IV. Magellan IV. Magellan He recruited sailors for a two-year voyage to sail around the world. On five ships Magellan loaded ten tons of biscuits and 6,000 pounds of salt beef, pork, dried beans, flour, water, wine, plus lumber, weapons, and gunpowder. He recruited sailors for a two-year voyage to sail around the world. On five ships Magellan loaded ten tons of biscuits and 6,000 pounds of salt beef, pork, dried beans, flour, water, wine, plus lumber, weapons, and gunpowder. Storms ripped apart Magellan’s Ships. Magellan had to put down many mutinies. Like Columbus Magellan himself was killed in the Philippines. Three years later Magellan’s crew landed in Seville, Spain. Storms ripped apart Magellan’s Ships. Magellan had to put down many mutinies. Like Columbus Magellan himself was killed in the Philippines. Three years later Magellan’s crew landed in Seville, Spain. The crew was the first to circumnavigate or sail around the world. The crew was the first to circumnavigate or sail around the world.

9. Magellan

10. Age of Exploration V. Important Explorers V. Important Explorers Cartier explored eastern Canada for the French. Cartier explored eastern Canada for the French. Hudson explored the Hudson Bay area in present day _Canada__ for the Netherlands. Hudson explored the Hudson Bay area in present day _Canada__ for the Netherlands. Dias rounded the Cape of Good Hope. Dias rounded the Cape of Good Hope. Da Gama rounded the Cape of Good Hope and continued to India. Da Gama rounded the Cape of Good Hope and continued to India. Cabot explored North America for the British. Cabot explored North America for the British. Balboa discovered the Pacific_ Ocean. Balboa discovered the Pacific_ Ocean.

11. Age of Exploration VI. Rise of the Dutch VI. Rise of the Dutch The Netherlands or the Dutch became strong explorers as well. The Netherlands or the Dutch became strong explorers as well. The Dutch dominated the spice trade from Asia. The Dutch dominated the spice trade from Asia. Wealthy merchants in Holland formed the Dutch East India Company. Wealthy merchants in Holland formed the Dutch East India Company. The Dutch used military means to accomplish their goals. The Dutch used military means to accomplish their goals. Later the Spanish claimed the Philippines. Later the Spanish claimed the Philippines.

12. Age of Exploration

13. Columbian Exchange