Eukaryotic Cells vs. Prokaryotic Cells

Cell Theory The cell theory states that:  All living things are made of one or more cells.  Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things.  All cells come from other cells.

Cell Types Two categories: 1. Eukaryotic Cells - Cells that have membrane- bound organelles 2. Prokaryotic Cells -Cells that do NOT have membrane-bound organelles -Single celled organisms such as bacteria

Cell Types Eukaryotic cells-  Cells that contain organelles which are held together by membranes  Examples include plant and animal cells.

Overview of Organelles Nucleus-  Largest organelle in the cell and it is the most inner compartment of the cell  contains chromatin (DNA); genetic information on strands called chromosomes  “control center” for cell metabolism and reproduction

Overview Cont’d Ribosomes- make proteins; thought of as “factories” Cytoplasm- clear gel like fluid inside the cell, which suspends all organelles

Mitochondria- often referred to as the “powerhouse” of the cell  release energy for the cell  It converts the energy stored in glucose into ATP for the cell

Eukaryotic plant cell Plant cells are also Eukaryotic cells, but plant cells contain some organelles that are not found in animal cells.

Plant Cell Organelles Cell wall- rigid wall outside the plasma membrane. It provides the cell with extra support. Chloroplasts- captures light and energy; and converts it into chemical energy.

Eukaryotic Cell Structure The plasma membrane/cell membrane  the flexible boundary of a cell  separates a cell from its surroundings

Plasma Membrane/Cell Membrane continued: allows water, nutrients, and waste into and out of the cell  This is referred to as selective permeability. *(Selective=Chooses, Permeability=filter through)* keeping a healthy balance of nutrients and water within the cell is called homeostasis