14 th dec Dr. Sami Adil

This theory is based on Freud’s concept that beh. is determined by forces derived from the unconscious mental processes.

Freud’s theories of the mind Early in his career he developed the topographic theory of mind: 1.The unconscious mind: repressed thoughts and feelings, not available to the conscious mind, & uses primary process thinking. -Primary process: is a type of thinking associated with primitive drives, wish fulfillment, and pleasure seeking. It has no logic or concept of time. Seen in children and in psychotic adults. -Dreams represent gratification of unconscious instinctive impulses and wish fulfillment.

صديقة فيلبب الكتاب الذي يحتوي على صور آلهة مصر فيليف وكلمات الجنس الطير والجنس الأم والموت

2. Preconsious mind: contains memories that, while not immediately available, can be accessed easily. 3. The conscious mind: contains thought that we r currently aware of. It operates in close conjunction with the preconscious but does not have access to the unconscious. It uses secondary process thinking (logical, mature, time-oriented) and can delay gratification.

Structural theory of the mind. In the structural theory, the mind contains three parts: The id, the ego, and the superego

Defense mechanisms are unconscious mental techniques used by the ego to keep conflicts out of the conscious mind, thus decreasing anxiety and maintaining a person’s sense of safety, equilibrium, and self- esteem.

They can be useful in helping people deal with difficult life situations such as medical illness, but, when used to excess, can become a barrier to seeking care or adhering to tr recommendations.

Some defense mechanisms are immature (i.e., they are manifestations of childlike or disturbed behavior). Mature defense mechanisms (e.g., altruism, humor, sublimation, and suppression), when used in moderation, directly help the patient or others. Repression, pushing unacceptable emotions into the unconscious, is the basic defense mechanism on which all others are based.

Transference and countertransference are unconscious mental attitudes based on important past personal relationships (e.g., with parents). These phenomena increase emotionality and may thus alter judgment and behavior in patients’ relationships with their doctors (transference) and doctors’ relationships with their patients (countertransference).

In +ve transference, the pt has confidence in the dr. If intense, the pt. may over-idealize the dr or develop sexual feelings toward the dr. In –ve transference, the pt may become resentful or angry toward the dr if the pt desires and expectations are not realized. This may lead to poor adherence to medical advice.

In countertransference, feelings about a patient who reminds the doctor of a close friend or relative can interfere with the doctor’s medical judgment.