Europe in Crisis Chapter 12, Lesson 1 What effects do social, economic, and religious conflicts have on a country?

Bell Ringer

Vocabulary: Ch. 12, Lesson 1 Heretic Armada Inflation Huguenots

Overview During 16th and 17th century conflicts between Protestants and Catholics resulted in wars of religion and political control Social and economic crisis also hit Europe

Independent Reading (pg. 212): Spain’s Conflict Why was Philip II called “the Most Catholic King?” How did Queen Elizabeth managed her foreign policy? Why was the defeat of the Spanish armada a significant event? Why might the overthrow of Protestantism in England have been important for Phillip II?

King Philip II of Spain • Son of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V • Inherited vast empire, including Spain and the Netherlands • Known as the “Most Catholic King” o Demanded obedience to Catholicism and monarchial authority o Believed Spain was chosen by God to protect Catholic Christianity from Protestant heretics o Tried to enforce Catholicism across kingdom • Commanded powerful Spanish navy (armada)

o Northern Provinces became the modern Netherlands. Phillip’s Victories and Defeats • Calvinists’ revolt in the Netherlands in 1609 resulted in Spain’s loss of its northern provinces. o Northern Provinces became the modern Netherlands. • Spanish Armada’s invasion of England failed in 1588 Spain was unable to eliminate English Protestantism. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ns667KbM704

• Spanish soldiers rebel against their leaders. Spain’s Power Declines • Spain is bankrupt. • Spanish soldiers rebel against their leaders. • England and France play an increasing role in Europe.

England Turns Back Toward Protestantism Queen Elizabeth I , a Tudor established Protestantism in England and tried to keep the power of Catholic Spain and France in balance. Defeat of the Spanish Armada: When Philip II sent an armada to invade England, the English navy defeated it and weakened Spanish power. England’s power grows

Classwork Read French Wars of Religion pg. 214 Complete the worksheet and answer the following: What was the purpose of the Edict of Nantes?

Conflict Between Catholics and Protestants in France Huguenots: In France, the vast majority of the population was Catholic, but almost half of the nobles were Protestant Huguenots, who were opposed by an extreme Catholic party. Strife and the Edict of Nantes: After 30 years of battles between Catholics and Huguenots, King Henry IV issued the Edict of Nantes, which appeased both groups.

Home Learning : Crisis in Europe Identify and explain the economic, social, and other crisis experienced by Europeans in the 17th century. Identify Explain Economic Crisis Inflation (16th century) and Economic Decline (17th century) Increased Population, high demand for land and food drove up prices for both. Spain and Italy slowed down economically. Social Crisis Growing Population (16th century) and Decline Population (17th century) Increased population. 60 to 85 million in 16th century. By the 1620century population had leveled off, it begins to decline by 1650. Other Crisis (Witchcraft) People Accused of Witchcraft (16th -17th century) Mainly poor people and women. By 1650 witchcraft hysteria begins to lessens as gov. grew stronger and social attitudes change. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fB1OWwFTZ8U

Economic & Social Crisis Population Decline, Witchcraft, and Other Crises Economic slowdown: The economies of both Spain and Italy had begun to decline by 1600. Population decline: War, plague, and famine helped to decrease the population of Europe after 1600. Witchcraft hysteria: The religious zeal that had led to the Inquisition caused perhaps more than 100,000 people to be charged with witchcraft. • Witchcraft became a religious and political concern during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. • Hysteria led to many people being charged with witchcraft. o More than 75 percent of the accused were women. • Witchcraft hysteria had begun to diminish by 1650.

The Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) The Treaty of Augsburg, 1555: allows people to choose Catholicism or Lutheranism. However, does not settle religious conflicts in central Europe—Calvinism is not recognized.

Holy Roman Empire: Ruled by Ferdinand I, uncle to Philip I. Catholic and multiethnic territory in central Europe. Also known as the Austrian-Hapsburg Empire. A Religious & Political Conflict: The war begins with a struggle between the Catholic rulers of the Holy Roman Empire and the Protestant nobles of Bohemia (Czech Republic) The war became more political as Denmark, Sweden, France, and Spain enter the war for territory and political influence in Europe. The War Ends: The Peace of Westphalia (1648) ends the War, with Sweden, France, and their allies gaining territory and the Holy Roman Empire being dissolved into independent states.

Activity: Thirty Years War Read The Thirty Years War (pg. 216) What were the causes and the effects of the Thirty Year War? Causes Effects