The Settlement of New England

Essential Questions 1)What was John Winthrop’s “city upon a hill”? Why did colonial New Englanders abandon John Winthrop’s vision of a “city on a hill”? 2)Who founded the Middle Colonies? What did the King of England do with them?

Protestant Reformation Puritanism Protestant Reformation Martin Luther John Calvin The Church of England Puritans Separtists

CHART: THIRTEEN COLONIES Colony/Date Person Responsible Why Founded Governed/Owner Massachusetts 1621—Pilgrims Plymouth Colony 1630---Puritans Mass. Bay Colony William Bradford Pilgrims John Winthrop Puritans Plymouth merges with Mass. 1691 Religious freedom, avoid religious persecution, to start a “city upon a hill”, and to begin a new life. Mayflower Compact Theocracy General Court Royal Colony Rhode Island 1644 Formed from Mass. Roger Williams Exiled from Mass. Anne Hutchison Dissatisfied with Mass. Bay Colony Religious freedom Consent of the governed Self-governing colony Connecticut 1662 Rev. Thomas Hooker Religious freedom, exploring the frontier and settling new areas. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut New Hampshire 1679 John Mason Sir Ferdinando Gorges Part of Mass. Bay Colony and set up for greater opportunity in frontier---trade goods, fur, fishing & lumber industry

Religion in England Henry VIII breaks away from the Roman Catholic Church Establishes Anglican Church of England After Charles I takes the throne, many Catholic practices regain popularity in the Ang. Church Ang. Church divides into sects Puritans: want to purify the Ang. Church of all Catholic influences and limit membership Separatists (Pilgrims): agree with the Puritans but want to separate into a church of their own because of the corrupt nature of the Ang. Church Puritans and Pilgrims become persecuted for their religious beliefs

Pilgrims Persecution by James I Holland 1620- Plymouth Bay Mayflower Compact Survival Thanksgiving

Pilgrims? vs. Puritans?

PILGRIMS Difficult winter (44 out of 102 survived)…. First year went through a “starving time” Developed friendly relations with Indian tribes Squanto befriended settlement Plymouth settlement survived under the leadership of Gov. William Bradford First Thanksgiving

Pilgrims Half of the pilgrims die the first winter They are saved by Squanto and taught how to grow corn and squash Make a treaty with the Wampanoag Tribe In 1621, they celebrate with the Wampanoag Tribe (the “1st” thanksgiving) As persecution increases back in England, more Puritans come to N. America (The Great Migration) Also, economic issues lead to more people leaving England

The Mayflower

All the colonies practiced some form of self-government………… MAYFLOWER COMPACT 41 Male passengers on the Mayflower formed into a “civil body politic”, signed a compact promising to write and obey "just and equal laws ... for the general good of the colony." The compact brought an element of democracy to America and was an example of the practice of self-government in the colonies. All the colonies practiced some form of self-government…………

The Mayflower Compact November 11, 1620

Congregationalists & Separatists Contrast with Virginia: Different environment & key role of religion for Puritans Congregationalists & Separatists Pilgrims (the latter) found Plymouth (1620) Fled Religious and Political Persecution

English Migration 1610-1660

William Bradford

Massachusetts Bay Colony Charles I Puritans “City upon a hill” Great Migration Saints- Freeman Unchurched Men “Protestant Ethic”

“Day of Doom” They cry, they roar for anguish sore, And gnaw their tongues for horrour. But get away without delay, Christ pitties not your cry: Depart to Hell, there may you yell, and roar Eternally.

We shall be as a city on a hill.. John Winthrop We shall be as a city on a hill..

Colonizing New England