Warm-Up: Of all the events that you studied in your packet, which do you think had the greatest impact on dividing the nation? EXPLAIN!!!

Causes of the Civil War

The Missouri Compromise  Missouri applied for statehood as a slave state  North: Opposed  What would keep slavery from spreading into the rest of the Louisiana Purchase  It was north of the Ohio River and east of the Mississippi that was free territory  South: Favored  The federal government did not have the right to tell states if they could be free or slave  It would give them more power in Congress

The Missouri Compromise  The Tallmadge Amendment proposed that Missouri be admitted as a free state  North: Favored  It would give them more power  Abolitionist saw slavery as an evil they needed to end and this was a step in the right direction  South: Opposed  Congress had no right to tell a state if it can be free or slave  If Congress could end slavery in Missouri, they could eliminate it else where.

The Missouri Compromise  1820  Missouri admitted to the Union as a slave state  Maine as a free state  Slavery was to be south of latitude 36’ 30 and free to the north in the Louisiana territory

Missouri Compromise Unravels  Abolitionist want to stop slavery in D.C., but Congress refuses  North: angered  Congressed tabled the issue, halting all debates on slavery  South: pleased  They did not want to make changes to the slave trade and not talking about it meant not change

Missouri Compromise Unravels  Some Northerners Assisted Fugitive slaves  North: tolerated  People in the north were sympathetic to slaves and willingly helped them  South: Condemned  Southerners viewed northerners as bank robbers because they were taking their property and lively hood.

Missouri Compromise Unravels  The Wilmot Proviso: slavery not allowed in Mexican Cession  North: favored  They wanted to stop slavery from spreading into any new territories  South: opposed  Maintained that the government could not dictate where slavery was and was not legal

Missouri Compromise Unravels  California applied to be a free state  North: favored  It would be another free territory  They would have more control in Congress  South: opposed  It would upset the balance of power in Congress  It was up to the state whether to be free or not

Compromise of 1850  California admitted as a free state  New Mexico and Utah would be territories open to slavery  Slave trade ended in Washington, D.C.

Compromise Satisfies No One  Fugitive Slave law caused bitterness  Stated that runaways had no legal rights and those that assisted them could be jailed  North: dissatisfied with the law  Refused to follow the law  Met with widespread opposition  South: dissatisfied with the law  Felt the law did not do enough  Outraged that northerners would not comply making it almost impossible to enforce.

Compromise Satisfies No One  Uncle Tom’s Cabin  North: popular  It portrayed the reality of the cruelties of slaveries  South: unpopular  It was met with scorn and curses

Compromise Satisfies No One  Kansas-Nebraska Act said that the slavery issue to be decided by popular sovereignty  North: unhappy  They didn’t want slavery to spread across the great plains  South: pleased  It essentially opened the territory to slavery  Both abolitionist and slave supporters flocked to the state to help influence the territories  The settlement turned violent with conflicts erupting between the two sides.

Compromise Satisfies No One  The Dred Scott Case  North: believed he was free  He had lived in the free state of Wisconsin he was a free man  South: believed he was still a slave  He was a slave and was property of the owner and his heirs.

Dred Scott Decision  Scott was not a citizen so he could not sue for his freedom in federal court  The Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional. Slaves are property and it does not matter where their owners take them they are still slaves.  Fifth Amendment: property cannot be taken away without due process

From Compromise to Conflict  The Lincoln-Douglas debates on slavery  Lincoln: slavery is a moral issue  Lincoln felt that the real issue was the sentiment that some thought slavery was right and some thought it was wrong, not whether it was unconstitutional of not  Douglas: Legal  Douglas felt that the Dred Scott case legally settled the slavery issue for good declaring it constitutional.

From Compromise to Conflict  John Brown raid at Harpers Ferry  North: reassured  Viewed John Brown as a hero for standing up to slavery  South: upset  It left them uneasy, especially because the north saw him as a hero  John Brown predicted that this issue would only be solved with bloodshed

From Compromise to Conflict  Abraham Lincoln elected in 1860  North: happy  Lincoln was anti-slavery and he received the majority of his votes in the north  South: unhappy  New they were now in the minority  They no longer had the power to shape policy  Feared that Congress would abolish slavery

Secessoin  April 12, 1861  A little more than a month after Lincoln’s inauguration, Southern forces open fire at Fort Sumter in Charleston, SC signaling the beginning of the Civil War.