2.  Congress adopted the policy that there would be balance in the Senate  For every free state there would be an equal slave state. ▪ The south was afraid that slavery would be outlawed if there were more free states than slave  Everything was fine until Missouri- was it North or South (Free or Slave)  North says free, South says secession

3.  Missouri would be admitted as a slave state  Maine would be admitted as a free state  A line would be drawn at 36 30’ degrees of latitude. Everything North would be free while everything south would be slave.

4.  Southern Fear- Abolitionists might cause slaves to revolt  Fugitive Slaves- Slaves escaped to the north were they received help- Stolen southern property  Slavery in the territories- Should slaves be allowed in new lands  California- Applies for statehood. It applies as a free state, but part of it is below the 36 30 line. If allowed to join then Free states would have the majority in the senate

5.  Something for everyone  California would be a free state (N)  New Mexico and Utah territories would be open to slavery (S)  No Slave trade in Washington D.C., but slave owners could keep their slaves (N&S)  Fugitive Slave Law- Reclaim runaway slaves (S)

6.  Fugitive Slave Law- The north refused to support the law. South was angered.  Uncle Tom’s Cabin- Revealed the horrors of slavery- Best seller in the North, made abolitionists movement explode  Kansas-Nebraska Act- No more 36 30 line but “popular sovereignty” or the people will decide slavery. It passed the North was outraged.

7.  The abolitionists sent men and guns to live in Kansas  The south supported by “Border Ruffians” laid claim to Kansas.  Two separate governments, one free and one slave were created  Violence- Pro slavery groups raided Lawrence Kansas (free). They burned buildings and destroyed abolitionist printing presses  John Brown seeks revenge. He hacks to death five pro slavery leaders  The violence heads to Congress. An anti-slavery senator is beat to near death in Congress because he spoke out against the violence in Kansas.

8.  Dred Scot was a slave that was taken to Wisconsin. He believed since he was on free soil he should be free. The Supreme court will decide the issue of slavery  The decision  Dred Scott can not sue for his freedom because he is not a citizen  No African American could become a citizen  Missouri Compromise was Unconstitutional  Slaves are property and according to the 5 th amendment, property can not be taken without due process  South pleased, North angered

9.  John Brown’s Raid- John Brown and his sons try seize weapons from a federal arsenal. He wants to start a slave rebellion. He fails but the south sees how far the abolitionists will go.  Lincoln and Douglas Senate debates-  Douglass believed the supreme court put the slavery issue to rest  Lincoln believed it was a moral issue and not a legal issue  Lincoln loses election but becomes a national figure

10.  Election of 1860  The Republican nominated Lincoln  The Democrats nominated three separate candidates  Democratic vote is split three ways  Lincoln wins without getting a majority of the people to vote for him  Lincoln will not end slavery but he will not let it spread.  The South begins to succeed

12.  South Carolina opens fire on a federal fort in Charleston Harbor.  After 33 hours the fort falls.  The Union can not be saved without war  America enter the bloodiest war in American History