Zhejiang University of Finance & Economics Dong Fang College Toriano Cook Canada

Provinces of Canada

Major Cities of Canada

Ottawa – the national capital Toronto – largest city of Canada Montreal – the largest French speaking city in the world! Quebec City – center of Canadian French culture Vancouver – largest city on the West coast Edmonton – capital of province of Alberta

Ottawa

Toronto

Montreal

Vancouver

Canadian Facts, Eh? Canada is the second largest country in the world (physical size) The population is slightly smaller than of all of Europe, which is made up of 45 countries. Canada is 4,800 kilometres from north to south and 5,000 kilometres from west to east. It only borders 1 country! 90% of Canada is too cold for agriculture!

“10 Interesting Facts About Canada”

So what’s Canada really? It’s a great big, cold country! “The Great North” These 3 facts: size, northern location, and isolation

Landscape The landscape of Canada was affected by glaciation and was under a thick sheet of slowly moving ice called a glacier. Almost all of Canada was under ice at sometime during the last 1.5 million years. Now only 1% is under ice.

Arctic North Over 20 groups of Native peoples The Inuit are the largest native group in the Arctic North. Home of polar bears Earliest Europeans came around 1500s during the age of exploration.

Northwest Passage The search for the Northwest Passage again brought more European attention to the region in the mid-1800s.

The Arctic Economy: Then and Now Gold discoveries in the Yukon in the 1890s and mining in the 1930s. In recent years, oil and gas exploration in the Arctic North have brought more people Trapping and fishing Mineral Resources: gas and oil have been found. Metallic minerals have also been found including zinc, iron, lead, and most recently, diamonds

The Great North

“Canada Nature Escapes”

History of Canada

The First Nations Native peoples of Canada Came from Asia 12,000 years ago Crossed Bering Land Bridge that joined Russia to Alaska 12 tribes make up the First Nations.

Inuit One of the First Nation tribes In the past called “Eskimos” Still live in Canada today Canada’s government gave the Inuit the Nunavut Territory in northeast Canada.

“Welcome of the First Nations”

Europeans in Canada First explorers to settle Canada were Viking invaders from the Scandinavia (Northern Europe). In 1000 AD, they built a town on the northeast coast of Canada & established trade with the Inuit They left the settlement for unknown reasons Europeans did not return to Canada until almost 500 years later…

A Viking Ship A Viking Ship

Newfoundland 1497: John Cabot sailed to Canada’s east coast Claimed an area of land for England & named it Newfoundland

New France 1534: Jacque Cartier sailed up the St. Lawrence River. Claimed the land for France. Land would be Quebec

New France (Quebec) 1608: Samuel de Champlain built the first permanent French settlement in Quebec Population grew slowly Many people moved inland to trap animals—hats made of beaver fur were in high demand in Europe.

French and Indian War (1754) 1754: Led to the French and Indian War where Great Britain fought for control of Canadian territory & the fur trade and conquered Quebec. Great Britain and Iroquois versus France and Huron.

Treaty of Paris (1763) Gave British control of all lands east of the Mississippi River, except for 2 islands off of Newfoundland British forced Nova Scotia’s French-speaking people to leave Nova Scotia’s French went to another French colony, Louisiana (The American Cajun people)

Quebec Act British allowed French to stay in Quebec, but continued to control the region. The Quebec Act guaranteed the French the right to maintain their culture (language, religion, traditions).

The American Revolution Americans gained independence from Great Britain. Americans who supported Britain moved to Quebec. These people were called “Loyalists” because they were loyal to Great Britain. The result was a population of English and French speakers in Quebec.

Division of Canada Most English speaking citizens lived in Upper Canada (Ontario) Most French speaking citizens lived in Lower Canada (Quebec)

War of 1812 French and British worked together against America, who tried to invade Canada! War resulted in a draw, but it defined the US- Canadian border & increased a sense of Canadian nationalism. Both French Canadians & English Canadians joined to protect their land—they were more united than ever before.

British North America Act (1867) 1867: British North America Act: created a Union of Canada  Four colonies: Quebec, Ontario, New Brunswick,  Nova Scotia  Became provinces joined by a common written law (constitution).  Britain accepted the agreement because they were glad to be rid of the responsibility of protecting the colonies (expensive)

Expanding Canada When Canada became a union in 1867, there were only 4 provinces. Leaders desired to expand the new country from the Atlantic to the Pacific.  Bought land from the Hudson’s Bay Company  Thought moving onto the land would be easy, but had many problems with the native peoples.

Expanding Canada The First Nations (native Canadians) finally agreed to relocate to reservations (now Nunavut). Transcontinental Railroad was built on this land Soon 3 new provinces and 1 territory were created: Manitoba, British Columbia, Prince Edward Island, and the Northwest Territories

Transcontinental Railroad

Canada 1886

Canada in World War I Canada still had close ties with Britain & felt they should fight against Germany  Sent military forces, raw materials, & food to Europe Canada’s help changed the way the world viewed it.  Canada was now a union that was able to compete with world powers  WWI increased Canadian nationalism

Newfoundland joined Canada in Canada promised to build many things such as railroads and roads. Britain didn’t want the cost of supporting Newfoundland anymore. 1949: Newfoundland

In the 1970s, Inuit wanted to create a territory called Nunavut. Wanted their own government to make their own rules and laws. Control of how their land was used (against mining and digging for oil) Inuit still live using traditional ways for housing and hunting food. 1999: Nunavit

Igloo

Traditional Inuit Hunting

Nunavut

Mouvement Souverainiste du Québec

Sovereignty Movement of Québec Political movement for an independent nation of Quebec Differences in history, language, religion, culture from the rest of Canada First vote for independence in 1980, 60% voted no 1999, Canadian parliament pass the Clarity Act, stating the government would recognize any province that successfully voted for independence. Last vote in 2011, with 41% voting yes for independence

Prime Minister of Canada: Stephen Harper

Canadian Economy

The Economy of Canada 1. Which type of economy lets businesses do whatever they want? 2. Which economy has the government making all the decisions? 3. Which economy does your country have?

The Economy of Canada Canada has a Mixed economic system Very close to a Market economy, but there is government control over some industries. It also has free enterprise (open competition between private businesses.)

Mixed Economy Canada is a mixed economy, but it is closer to market than command

The Economy of Canada Money! The Canadian Dollar How much is it?  1 Canadian dollar (CAD) = 5.44 Chinese yuan (RMB)  1 Canadian dollar = 0.89 US dollars (USD)  1 Canadian dollar = 0.71 euros (EUR) The Canadian economy is small, but strong!

World Trade Exports: US 77.7%, UK 2.7%, Japan 2.3% Imports: US 52.4%, China 9.8%, Mexico 4.1%

North American Free Trade Agreement NAFTA Signed by the US, Canada, & Mexico in 1990s Free Trade between the 3 countries No trade barriers with US and Mexico and allows them to trade easier and cheaper.

Canadians

Canada’s population is a little over 33 million people. More people live in the state of California in the US, even though Canada is bigger by 95%! 80% of Canadians live within 150 kilometers for the United States. Population

People Groups: Anglophone 28%, Francophone 23%, Other European 15% Asian/Arab/African 6% Native Canadian 2% Mixed 26% Official Languages: English, French "Canada" comes from the Native Canadian word "Kanata" meaning "village"

Le Québécois People from Quebec and speak French Most people in Quebec are bilingual (English and French) Québécois French is a little different than French Québécois FrenchEnglish dînerdéjeunerlunch souperdînerdinner charvoiturecar tuquechapeauhat

Parlez comme le Québécois!

The Maple Leaf / L'Unifolié

The Maple Leaf The Maple leaf is an important symbol of Canada The Maple tree covers many parts of Canada and is used to make many foods and other products

Lacrosse The national summer sport of Canada Originally a game played by Native North Americans Modern game created in Canada Played with each player using a stick to catch a ball, passing to other players to throw the ball through a goal. Very popular sport in the United States and Canada today

Traditional Lacrosse of Native Canadians

Modern Lacrosse

Curling First played in Scotland Became an official sport of the Winter Olympics in Increasing popularity around the world Most popular in Canada’s plains provinces, Alberta and Manitoba

Curling

Curling

China Curling Team

Ice Hockey!!! Simply called ‘Hockey’, the national winter sport of Canada The most popular sport in Canada Played mostly in Canada, United States, Europe First game was played in 1875 in Montreal Very popular in the Winter Olympics Canada is usually the best in the world in men’s and women’s ice hockey USA vs. Canada ice hockey matches are the largest sports events in North America

Celebration After Canada vs. USA

“Why Canada Loves Hockey”

Inventions and Discoveries Cirque du Soleil (Circus of the Sun)  Created in Montréal, circus arts education. Superman  created by Canadian Joe Shuster Chocolate bars  in 1910 Basketball  invented by James Naismith in 1891, in the city of Montréal, Quebec

Cirque Du Soleil: “World’s Away”