BLOOD Chapter 12

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. FUNCTION OF BLOOD Transporting fluid of the body –Nutrients from digestive tract –Oxygen from lungs –Waste products from cells –Hormones Aids in heat distribution Regulates acid-base balance

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. BLOOD COMPOSITION Plasma - liquid portion of blood without the cellular elements Erythrocytes - red blood cells Leukocytes - white blood cells Thrombocytes - platelets

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. BLOOD COMPOSITION

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. BLOOD PLASMA Electrolytes Hormones, vitamins, and enzymes Metabolic waste products Water Plasma proteins –Fibrinogen –Albumin –Globulin Nutrients

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. RED BLOOD CELLS Hemoglobin –Red pigment in erythrocytes Erythropoiesis –Manufacture of red blood cells –Occurs in red bone marrow Hemolysis –Rupture of red blood cell

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. WHITE BLOOD CELLS Types of Leukocytes: –Granulocytes Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils –Agranulocytes Lymphocytes Monocytes

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. INFLAMMATION Occurs when tissues are subjected to chemical or physical trauma Symptoms: –Redness –Local heat –Swelling –Pain

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. THROMBOCYTES (BLOOD PLATELETS) Thrombocytes are the smallest of the solid components of blood Coagulation is clotting of the blood The time it takes for blood to clot is known as clotting time –Human clotting time: 5 to 15 minutes

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. BLOOD TYPES Four major groups of blood –A- AB –B- O Blood type inherited from parents Antigen - protein present in blood Antibody - protein in plasma

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. RH FACTOR The Rh factor is found on the surface of red blood cells Rh positive Rh negative

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. DISORDERS OF THE BLOOD Anemia Iron-deficiency anemia Pernicious anemia Aplastic anemia Sickle cell anemia Cooley’s anemia Polycythemia Embolism Thrombosis Hematoma Hemophilia Thrombocytopenia Leukemia Septicemia