Industrial Revolution

Manufacturing of the 18 th centuryManufacturing of the 18 th century –Hand tools & small- scale manufacturing Agriculture centered economyAgriculture centered economy –Pushed by Democratic- Republicans Technology creates a shift toward large- scale productionTechnology improvement creates a shift toward large- scale production

Free Enterprise & Factories Workers and machines together under one roofWorkers and machines together under one roof Water frame:Water frame: –Power machines –Power machines in factories Samuel SlaterSamuel Slater –1 st successful water- powered textile mill leave farms to work in factories for wages on a set schedulePeople leave farms to work in factories for wages on a set schedule

Free Enterprise and Factories New England ideal for factoriesNew England was ideal for factories Built near water for powerBuilt factories near water for power source Land not beneficial for farmingLand not beneficial for farming Poor, rocky soil People willing to work in factoriesPeople willing to work in factories Fast flowing riversFast flowing rivers Near Atlantic OceanNear Atlantic Ocean

Free Enterprise:Free Enterprise: –Competition, profit, & economic freedom –Competition, profit, private property, & economic freedom –Allows for competition –Minimum government interference Many people invested in industry during the War of 1812Many people invested in industry during the War of 1812 Businessmen built factories and grew wealthyBusinessmen built factories and grew wealthy Free Enterprise and Factories

Cities Impact on Cities Industrial cities grew the quickestIndustrial cities grew the quickest –Most on rivers –Needed water power –New England had many fast- flowing rivers City Disadvantages:City Disadvantages: –Waste disposal was an issue Threat of diseaseThreat of disease –Fires were a constant threat –Overcrowded living conditions City Advantages:City Advantages: –Libraries, museums, shops –Jobs & attractions outweighed the dangers

Technology Revolution Spinning jenny:Spinning jenny: –Produces spools of yarn –Produces many spools of yarn Power loom:Power loom: –Weave & press thread into cloth Advances made it possible for any unskilled workers to produce clothAdvances made it possible for any unskilled workers to produce cloth Patent Law:Patent Law: –Passed to protect rights of inventors

Francis Cabot Lowell built a factory in Massachusetts Figured out how to work power looms Figured out how to work power looms in England (stole the technology like Samuel Slater) he built a factory town called Lowell So successful he built a factory town called Lowell Lowell Mills

Factories did many tasks in one placeFactories did many tasks in one place –Increase efficiency Interchangeable partsInterchangeable parts –Each part of a manufactured item was exactly alike –Reduced prices –Became the industry standard

Transportation Transportation Revolution Roads built to connect citiesRoads built to connect cities States charged tolls or fees to drive wagons on the streets of crushed stoneStates charged tolls or fees to drive wagons on the streets of crushed stone Robert Fulton:Robert Fulton: –Builds a steam boat transport people up the Hudson River –Commercially transport people up the Hudson River in 32 hours Using only sails would take 4 days –A new age of river travel Shipping goods & moving people became cheaper and fasterShipping goods & moving people became cheaper and faster Canals built for trade Erie Canal

PersonInventionDate James WattFirst reliable Steam Engine1775 Samuel SlaterFirst successful American textile mill1793 Eli WhitneyCotton Gin, Interchangeable parts for muskets1793, 1798 Robert FultonRegular Steamboat service on the Hudson River1807 Francis Cabot Lowell First American textile mill to convert raw cotton to finished cloth in one building 1813 Peter CooperAmerican-made locomotive powered by steam1830 Samuel F. B. MorseTelegraph1836 Elias HoweSewing Machine1844 Isaac SingerImproves and markets Howe's Sewing Machine1851 Cyrus FieldTransatlantic Cable1866 Alexander Graham BellTelephone1876 Thomas EdisonPhonograph, Incandescant Light Bulb1877, 1879 Nikola TeslaInduction Electric Motor1888 Rudolf DieselDiesel Engine1892 Orville and Wilbur WrightFirst Manned Airplane1903 Henry FordModel T Ford, Assembly Line1908, 1913 Industrial Revolution’s Key Inventions