Restoration

Charles II Back on the throne Limits of the powers of the monarchy Charles II – playboy, Nell Gwynn Set up the Royal Society –Sir Isaac Newton

Act of Indemnity and Oblivion Extended to everyone except those who had signed Charles I’s death warrant

Test Act Charles II advocated leniency towards Catholics and pending parliamentary approval worked to relieve them of the restrictions under which they labored – Parliament withheld its consent and passed the Test Act which required office holders to take Anglican Communion.

Royal Society/ Age of Enlightenment Set up to study scientific advancements of the age and to find answers Theatres reopened, arts flourished again Age of Reason, Enlightenment, focus on order, stability and harmony

Plague of Climax of a series of epidemics, claimed thousands of victims in London

Great Fire of London Much of the city was destroyed by a raging fire. Ended the plague. Raged through London due to a draught, do not know where it started but it is rumored to have started in a bakery. Plague and fire – people claimed happened due to men of science asking questions of God

James II 1685 – Charles II died James II came to the throne – a devote Roman Catholic Tireless adulterer Wanted to make England Catholic Make the monarchy like that of Louis XV Admitted Catholics into universities and army Declaration of Indulgence suspended the penal laws against Catholics

William and Mary The birth of prince to James II threatened a Catholic heir – James’ Dutch nephew William married to James’ daughter Mary was invited to England 1688 – William landed in England and James and his followers fled – THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION – as there was no blood shed

William III (of Orange) and Mary II – ruled until 1702 Accepted Bill of Rights – excluded Catholics from succession and gave parliament supremacy Constitutional Monarchy – accepted limited powers

Ireland Catholics still under persecution

Jacobites People who supported James II – able to slur someone’s reputation by branding them as a Jacobites. Scotland contained many

Dutch England had seized New Amsterdam in 1664 – renaming it New York Now Dutch were to be allies in the War of Spanish Succession – Louis XIV was trying to place his son on the throne of Spain

Window Tax Set up to fund the war Tax according to how many windows you had – you could afford glass, you could afford to pay higher taxes

War Lasted thirteen years When it was over – William and Mary were dead Anne – Mary’s sister – was queen 1714 – war ended – Treaty of Utrecht, France ceded much of its territory in the New World to England, while the English also obtained various islands in the West Indies, a monopoly on the South American slave trade, Gibraltar, and Minorca.

Act of Union With the Scots in 1707 – Scotland, Wales, and England unite to become Great Britain. Britain is becoming an expanding world power

World Power Traders, merchant marines expanded Industrial output Trade with colonies created the largest free trade area in the world By 1800 – London had almost a million people – largest city in the world

Kings George I – German Protestant – King from George II – George III – Mad King George, credited with losing the colonies – – did not leave the control of the government in the hands of his ministers, suffered from pophyria

Parliament Ruled – Sir Robert Walpole – first Prime Minister (though not used as an official title) - Whig

Widespread Poverty Industrialization, no labor laws Gin Lane – London Overpopulation

Seven Years’ War with France Britain obtained new lands – Canada, Bengal, increases their holdings in India. Becomes world’s leading colonial power Strongholds in North America –Asia –West Indies –Africa

Declaration of Independence War in colonies in America 1781 – Surrender at Yorktown North American colonies were lost

Riots in London 1780 – anti- Catholic demonstration – police force starts to be formed – 700 people killed

Biggest change for literature Writing becomes a profession