Chapter 5 Energy Resources Section 1: Fossil Fuels

What are we going to learn today? How do fuels provide energy? What are the three major fossil fuels? Why are fossil fuels considered nonrenewable resources? Key Terms: Fuel petrochemical Combustion Hydrocarbon Refinery Fossil fuel Petroleum

Discover Activity What’s in a Piece of Coal? Observe a chunk of coal. Record your observations in as much detail as possible, including its color, texture, and shape (on the back page of your notes packet) Now use a hand lens to observe the coal more closely. Examine your coal for fossils – imprints of plant or animal remains. Think it over: What did you notice when you used the hand lens compared to your first observation? What do you think coal is made of?

Fossil Fuels- Fuel – a substance that provides energy-such as heat, light, motion, or electricity – as a result of a chemical change. Energy Transformation and Fuels: A. Energy Transformation- a change from one form of energy to another Ex: rubbing hands together = mechanical energy to thermal energy (pg. 159 Figure 1)

B. Combustion – the process of burning a fuel B. Combustion – the process of burning a fuel. When fuels are burned, the chemical energy that is released can be used to generate another form of energy, such as heat, light, motion, or electricity. Ex: burning of gasoline in a car = chemical change = stored energy converts to thermal energy = converted to mechanical energy

C. Production of Electricity 1 C. Production of Electricity 1. chemical energy stored in fuels can be used to generate electricity Ex: Electric Power Plant 1. burn fuel = thermal energy 2. thermal energy – boils water = steam 3. mechanical energy of steam – turns a turbine 4. turbine connected to generator – produces electric current 5. electric current flow to homes and industries

What are Fossil Fuels? A. Fossil fuels – are the energy-rich substances formed from the remains of organisms. The three major fossil fuels are coal, oil, and natural gas. B. Fossil fuels are made of hydrocarbons C. Hydrocarbons – are chemical compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms. 1. combustion = carbon and hydrogen atoms combine with oxygen to form CO2 and H2O a. Energy is released in the form of heat and light D. combustion provides more energy per kilogram than other fuels Ex: 1 Kg of coal = 2 times more energy than wood

D. Coal- solid fossil fuel formed from plant remains Pg D. Coal- solid fossil fuel formed from plant remains Pg. 161 Figure 2 = process by which coal forms 1. used to produce heat 2. makes up 23% of the fuel used in the U.S. 3. extracted from ground through mining = dangerous job 4. miners experience lung diseases 5. most plentiful fossil fuel in U.S. 6. provides lots of energy when burned 7. Produces air pollution when

E. Oil – a thick, black, liquid fossil fuel 1 E. Oil – a thick, black, liquid fossil fuel 1. formed millions of years ago 2. formed from the remains of small animals, algae, and other organisms that lived in the ocean and shallow inland seas 3. Petroleum – another name for oil 4. accounts for 1/3 of energy produced in the world. 5. Fuels most vehicles and homes 6. oil deposits mostly located underground in tiny holes of sandstone or limestone 7. located deep below the surface = hard to find

Oil continued: 8. Crude oil = oil first pumped out of the ground 9 Oil continued: 8. Crude oil = oil first pumped out of the ground 9. refinery – a factory in which crude oil is heated and separated into fuels and other products 10. petrochemicals- compounds that are made from oil a. Used to make plastics, paints, medicines, and cosmetics

Pg. 162 – Figure 3 In the refining process, crude Oil is heated and separated To make different products

F. Natural Gas- a mixture of methane and other gases 1 F. Natural Gas- a mixture of methane and other gases 1. forms from same organisms as oil 2. is less dense than oil = located above an oil deposit 3. transported by pipelines = easy transport 4. cool fact = can be compressed into a liquid and stored in tanks 5. produces large amounts of energy with lower level of air pollutants than coal or oil 6. highly flammable = disadvantage = major explosion 7. is odorless, so a chemical is added to detect a gas leak

III. Fuel Supply and Demand A III. Fuel Supply and Demand A. Fossil fuels = essential to modern life bc of their advantages But since fossil fuels take hundreds of millions of year to form, they are considered nonrenewable resources. Ex: current oil reserves took 500 million years to form - ¼ of this oil has already been used - reserves will be used up if fossil fuels continue to be used at the current pace - uneven distribution of fuel has been the cause of political problems in the world -those countries that do not have must buy