Warm-up: Why do you think we have to learn about chemistry in a biology class? Biochemistry – the study of chemical processes in living organisms.

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Presentation transcript:

Warm-up: Why do you think we have to learn about chemistry in a biology class? Biochemistry – the study of chemical processes in living organisms

What elements are essential to life? C H O N P S arbon ydrogen xygen itrogen hosphorus ulfur

What is the difference between organic and inorganic chemistry? Organic compounds contain high numbers of _____________ bonded to ______________. Organic compounds are usually biological in origin, while inorganic compounds are minerals, salts, or metals. carbon atomshydrogen atoms

Why is carbon considered the “element of life”? A carbon atom can create short, strong, and stable bonds with ________ other atoms. This allows carbon to form chains, rings, branches, and isomers. 4

Organic compounds (continued…) Four categories of organic compounds: 1.Carbohydrates 2.Lipids 3.Proteins 4.Nucleic Acids All formed and separated in similar ways 1.Formation (Polymerization): Dehydration Synthesis 2.Separation: Hydrolysis Hey Sugar, I sure am happy that you’re a Carbohydrate like me. Awww, how sweet! Hurry up, Lipids! You should have more energy stored up than this! Does this bond structure make me look fat? Hi there! My name is Polly Peptide. Can you believe that each of your cells contains about 2 meters of me?

Polymerization Polymerization (definition): – Forming of large organic macromolecules by the joining of smaller repeating units called monomers

Dehydration Synthesis Dehydration Synthesis is the removal of a water molecule to form a new bond. HO H H2OH2O H H Short PolymerMonomer Dehydration removes a water molecule forming a new bond

Hydrolysis HO H H2OH2O H H Short Polymer Monomer Hydrolysis adds a water molecule to break a bond Polymers are broken by adding water. Literally, “Water Splitting”