1. Chemistry Fundamentals Life is Chemical

2. Atoms vs Molecules Smallest unit of matter is the Atom or the Molecule –Atoms have only 1 element –Molecules have more than 1 kind of element joined together chemically

3. Periodic Table of the Elements Single type of atom 92 naturally occurring, humans have made a few more

4. Atomic Symbols 1 or 2 letters representing the atom –C – Carbon –H – Hydrogen –O – Oxygen –N – Nitrogen Most commonly occurring elements in Biology!

5. Molecule Various types of atoms joined together to make a substance that does not resemble the two elements Hydrogen – gas Oxygen – gas Water - liquid

6. Representing Molecules Chemical Formula use chemical symbols and numbers to represent a compound H 2 O Structural Formula uses chemical symbols and lines to represent a compound

7. Ex: Glucose Chemical Formula C 6 H 12 O 6 Structural Formula

8. Chemical Bonds Atoms combine to form molecules by sharing or trading electrons and forming links between them.

9. Bonding Chemical bonds are very stable –Forming a bond stores energy –Breaking a bond releases energy  KEY IDEA!!!

10. Octet Rule The number of bonds depends on the number of electrons in the valence (outermost) shell Valence Electrons = Those electrons in the outermost shell/ring of the atom All atoms like to form an octet (exception of Hydrogen,which likes 2)

11. Octet Rule Practice Element# Valence Electrons # needed?# bonds? Carbon4 Hydrogen1 Oxygen6 Nitrogen5

12. Biochemistry Chemistry of Biology

13. Organic Vs Inorganic Molecules Organic Molecules – occur in living things Generally larger and more complicated in shape than inorganic molecules Always have Carbon & Hydrogen Usually have Oxygen Sometimes have Nitrogen CHON

14. Four types of Organic Molecules TypeUseLook For  PartsFound Protein Carbohydrate Lipid Nucleic Acid

15. Four types of Organic Molecules TypeUseLook For  PartsFound ProteinBuilding block NitrogenAmino acidMeats Carbohydrate Lipid Nucleic Acid

16. Protein

17. Four types of Organic Molecules TypeUseLook For  PartsFound ProteinBuilding block NitrogenAmino acidMeats CarbohydrateEnergy5/6 carbon ring GlucoseSugar/ starch Lipid Nucleic Acid

18. Carbohydrates

19. Four types of Organic Molecules TypeUseLook For  PartsFound ProteinBuilding block NitrogenAmino acidMeats CarbohydrateEnergy5/6 carbon ring GlucoseSugar/ starch Lipid Cell Membrane, Organ protection Energy Storage “E” shapeGlycerol and Fatty Acids Fats/ waxes Nucleic Acid

20. Lipid

21. Unsaturated vs Saturated Fatty Acids

22. Unsaturated vs Saturated Fats

23. Four types of Organic Molecules TypeUseLook For  PartsFound ProteinBuilding block NitrogenAmino acidMeats CarbohydrateEnergy5/6 carbon ring GlucoseSugar/ starch Lipid Cell Membrane, Organ protection Energy Storage “E” shapeGlycerol and Fatty Acids Fats/ waxes Nucleic AcidInformation Storage “blueprints” 3 partsPhosphate, 5 carbon sugar and nitrogen base DNA

24. Nucleic Acid

25. DNA

26. Making Chains Single UnitChain Amino AcidProtein CarbohydrateStarch Nucleic AcidDNA

27. Monomer vs Polymer

28. Monomer (Single Unit)Polymer (Long Chain) Amino AcidPolypeptide or Protein CarbohydrateDisaccharide, Trisaccharide, Polysaccharide or Starch

29. Dehydration Synthesis and Hydrolysis

30. Dehydration Synthesis –Remove water to form long chains Simple sugars into starches Hydrolysis –Add water to break chains Polysaccharides into monosaccharides

31. Lipids: A Special Case Not a polymer, but still use dehydration synthesis.