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2.1 Molecules to metabolism
Plan 2.1 Molecules to metabolism: 1 Definition of a Biological Molecule 2 Four main types of Biological Molecules 3 Monomers and Polymers AS IB Xavier DANIEL, Ph.D.
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Definition of a Biological Molecule
Organic molecule - Always contain Carbon (C) and Hydrogen (H) - Carbon can of form 4 covalent bonds - Carbon can bind with hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and itself - Forms long chains, branched, rings, etc AS IB Xavier DANIEL, Ph.D.
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The Carbon atom and its four covalent bonds
Strongest bond in biological molecules Simple, double or triple bonds AS IB Xavier DANIEL, Ph.D.
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Definition of a Biological Molecule
= Organic molecule that plays a role in LIFE Glucose Triglyceride Cholesterol AS IB Xavier DANIEL, Ph.D.
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Catabolism + Anabolism
Definitions Anabolism The making up of big molecules from small molecules = Condensation = Polymerization Monomers to Polymers Catabolism The breaking up of big molecules into small molecules = Hydrolysis = Depolymerization Polymers to Monomers Metabolism Catabolism + Anabolism AS IB Xavier DANIEL, Ph.D.
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Metabolism and energy ATP = Adenosine Triphosphate
Molecules contain chemical energy Chemical energy in the structural arrangement of the atoms of the molecules A molecule stores the energy that was used to synthetise it Reactions that release free energy = exergonic reactions Reactions that require energy = endergonic reactions ATP = Adenosine Triphosphate Is the energy currency of cells AS IB Xavier DANIEL, Ph.D.
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2.1 Molecules to metabolism
Plan 2.1 Molecules to metabolism: 1 Definition of a Biological Molecule 2 Four main types of Biological Molecules 3 Monomers and Polymers AS IB Xavier DANIEL, Ph.D.
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Four main types of Biological Molecules
Sugars Glucose Galactose Fructose Lactose Cellulose Starch Chitin Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids Haemoglobin Collagen Enzymes Fats, oils, steroids DNA RNAs AS IB Xavier DANIEL, Ph.D.
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Four main types of Biological Molecules
1 Four main types of Biological Molecules Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids Are macromolecules AS IB Xavier DANIEL, Ph.D.
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2.1 Molecules to metabolism
Plan 2.1 Molecules to metabolism: 1 Definition of a Biological Molecule 2 Four main types of Biological Molecules 3 Monomers and Polymers AS IB Xavier DANIEL, Ph.D.
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Four main types of Biological Molecules
Macromolecules = Many molecules joined together AS IB Xavier DANIEL, Ph.D.
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Many molecules joined together
Monomers and polymers Polymer Macromolecules = Many molecules joined together Monomer AS IB Xavier DANIEL, Ph.D.
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Monomers and polymers Monomer Simple molecules “Building blocks” Polymer Large molecules formed by combining monomers Terminology AS IB Xavier DANIEL, Ph.D. *
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Polymer Monomer Monomers and polymers Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids
Nucleic Acids Monosaccharide Polysaccharide Amino acid Polypeptides / Proteins Various types Various types Nucleotide Polynucleotide AS IB Xavier DANIEL, Ph.D.
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Polymer formation = Polymerization
Monomers and polymers Polymer formation = Polymerization AS IB Xavier DANIEL, Ph.D.
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Dehydration Synthesis
Monomers and polymers Polymer formation = Polymerization = Dehydration Synthesis Water will be “lost” (Here, by the monomers) Process of making (Here, the polymer) Water will be “produced” Enzymes are needed too AS IB Xavier DANIEL, Ph.D.
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Polymer formation = Polymerization
Monomers and polymers Polymer formation = Polymerization Monomer 1 Monomer 2 Polymer New bond AS IB Xavier DANIEL, Ph.D.
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Polymer formation = Polymerization
Monomers and polymers Polymer formation = Polymerization Water will be “lost” (Here, by the monomers) Water will be “produced” Monomer 1 + Monomer 2 = Polymer + H2O AS IB Xavier DANIEL, Ph.D.
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Polymer formation = Polymerization
Monomers and polymers Polymer formation = Polymerization AS IB Xavier DANIEL, Ph.D.
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Polymer breakdown = Depolymerization
Monomers and polymers Polymer breakdown = Depolymerization Depolymerization AS IB Xavier DANIEL, Ph.D.
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Enzymes are needed too = Hydrolysis Monomers and polymers
Polymer formation = Depolymerization = Hydrolysis Water is needed Process of destroying (Here, the polymer) Enzymes are needed too AS IB Xavier DANIEL, Ph.D.
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Polymer formation = Depolymerization
Monomers and polymers Polymer formation = Depolymerization Polymer Monomer 1 Monomer 2 Bond is broken AS IB Xavier DANIEL, Ph.D.
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Polymer formation = Depolymerization
Monomers and polymers Polymer formation = Depolymerization AS IB Xavier DANIEL, Ph.D.
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Anabolism + Catabolism
Monomers and polymers Polymerization and Depolymerization Anabolism + Catabolism = Metabolism Catabolism Anabolism Depolymerization AS IB Xavier DANIEL, Ph.D.
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Polymerization and Depolymerization
Monomers and polymers Polymerization and Depolymerization Condensation = Showing both – figure from textbook AS IB Xavier DANIEL, Ph.D. *
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