Baumrind’s Parenting Styles Powerpoint by Anna Jones and Jamie Rogers

Introduction to Parenting Styles During the 1960’s psychologist Diana Baumrind identified four important dimensions of parenting after conducting a study on over 100 pre-school children using parental interviews and naturalistic observations. These four aspects that led to her classifications of parenting styles are : Disciplinary strategies Warmth and Nurturance Communication Styles Expectations of Maturity and Control Based on these dimensions, Baumrind decided that parents show one of the four types of parenting styles with their children: - Authoritarian- Indulgent - Authoritative- Neglectful

Authoritarian Parenting Style: Restrictive, controlling, demanding Punishment: Frequent spanking, shows anger Communication: Little verbal exchange or sayings such as, “you do it my way or else”. Enforces rules but does not explain them. Result: Children of Authoritarian parents are often anxious, unhappy and fearful. They do not initiate in activities with others and have weak communication skills.

Examples of Authoritarian Parenting Authoritarian parents are unreasonable in their demands and utilize harsh punishments for wrong doings that could be corrected through examples or positive reinforcement. Click on the link to watch a short skit!

Authoritative Parenting Style: Encouraging, warm, nurturing, constructive Punishment: explains consequences and reasoning behind them. Communication: give-and-take, positive feedback, praise, open-ended Results: children of authoritative parents are often cheerful and outgoing, achievement oriented and strive to meet their goals. They cope well with stress and have good relationships with peers.

Examples of Authoritative Parenting - Authoritative parents use equality to explain their demands and the reasons behind them. -They get “on their level” to speak to their children about following rules. -They use positive reinforcement and praise often. - Children who are raise by authoritative parents are more willing to go to them for help and comforting. -They feel a better sense of trust and belonging. -These children are cooperative and understand why we need rules and consequences.

Neglectful Parenting Style: UninvolvedPunishment: Few cases of punishment due to un- involvement Communication: Little communication which leads to the child’s sense that parents’ other aspects or life are much more important. Result: Children of Authoritarian parents are often socially incompetent, lack of self-control, low self-esteem, immature, and are not successful with independence

Examples of Neglectful Parenting A neglectful parent always puts his/her needs and wants as first priority. Usually experiencing financial, emotional and social stress, neglectful parents are unable to encourage, teach or enable their children. Involvement in addictive behaviors and lack of support or friendship can oftentimes leave children of neglectful parents with loneliness, fear and anxiety.

Indulgent/Permissive Parenting Style: Highly involved with children but place few demands or controls on them Punishment: Allow children to do as they please Communication: Parent’s believe this will foster a creative, confident child. Overindulge verbally and materialistically Result: These children will rarely learn respect for others and have difficulty controlling their behavior. Might be domineering, egocentric, and non- compliant

Indulgent Parenting Continued… Responsive but undemanding Oftentimes create children who are demanding and selfish rather than loving and supportive Children typically possess good self-esteem and excellent social skills but can be less motivated in school because they are not held accountable for their own behavior Children are often impulsive, aggressive and lack independence

Baumrind’s Parenting Styles Accepting, ResponsiveRejecting, Unresponsive Demanding, ControllingAuthoritativeAuthoritarian Undemanding, Un- controlling IndulgentNeglectful

Punishment The most successful way to increase a desired behavior is to use positive reinforcement. When something desired is taken away in order to decrease a certain behavior, it is called Negative Punishment. This is the least effective of all punishments. Negative Reinforcement is to remove a negative stimulus following a response. This is the least successful way to increase a desired behavior. Because you're late to work one morning, you drive over the speed limit through a school zone. As a result, you get pulled over by a police officer and receive a ticket.

Co-parenting Support given by each parent when raising a child Poor co-parenting can place children at risk Research shows co- parenting as more beneficial than either maternal or paternal parenting in terms of development

Resources Cherry, Kendra. (n.d.). Parenting styles. Retrieved from renting-style.htm renting-style.htm Dubai, Helen. (2011). Permissive parenting style. Retrieved from parenting-style.html parenting-style.html Dubai, Helen. (2011). Uninvolved parenting style. Retrieved from parenting-style.html parenting-style.html Kidsplane. (n.d.). Parenting styles. Retrieved from Santrock, J. W. (2012). Essentials of Life-Span Development. (2 nd ed.) New York: NY.