Respiratory Anatomy 1/27/00

Anatomical Planes Superior Inferior Anterior Posterior Lateral Transverse Coronal Sagittal

Respiratory System Respiration: exchange of gas between an organism & its environment. Inspiration: Inhalation; drawing air into the lungs Expiration: The expulsion of air from the lungs Alveoli: Minute air sacs within the lung tissue

Nasal Cavity Oral Cavity Larynx Lungs Diaphragm Airway

Respiratory System What is included in the respiratory system used for speech? –Rib cage –Diaphragm –Abdomen –Contents of RC & AB

Axial Skeleton -Trunk & head Appendicular Skeleton -Upper & Lower Extremities Support of Respiration

Bony Thorax –Vertebrae & Vertebral Column –Pectoral Girdle –Ribs & Attachments to Vertebral Column scapula & clavicle –Sternum –Pelvic Girdle ischium pubic bone sacrum ilium

Vertebral Column Cervical Vertebrae Thoracic Vertebrae Lumbar Vertebrae Sacrum Coccyx C1-C7 T1-T12 L1-L5

Pelvic Girdle Illiac Crest Ilium Ischium Pubic Symphysis Pubis Coccyx Sacrum

Pectoral Girdle Clavicle Sternum Scapula

Ribs & Ribcage True Ribs False Ribs Floating Ribs Thorax Sternum Costal Cartilage

Ribs & Rib Cage Thorax: 12 pair of ribs Rib Components: –Head (articulating surface) –Neck –Angle (curve) – Shaft (largest; anterior) Rib Cage: –provides attachments (muscles) muscles provide: Strength, rigidity, continuity, & mobility

Ribs Three general classes: –True ribs- upper ribs (1-7), attach to sternum, cartilaginous attachment –False ribs- (8,9,10), attach to sternum via cartilage running superior –Floating ribs- (11,12), articulate with vertebral column only. Characteristics: –cartilage (chondral) attachment can be torqued strength and movement

Thoracic Expansion Vertical Transverse Anteroposterior

Thoracic Expansion Lungs must first be inflated creates a partial vacuum chest wall expands (3 dimensions): –vertical expansion: lowering the diaphragm –lateral & anteroposterior expansion: raising the rib cage

Lateral/ Anteroposterior Thoracic Expansion

Diaphragm Aponeurosis Relaxed Expanded Muscle

Diaphragm Flat sheet of muscle and tendon (aponeurosis) Shaped like an inverted bowl rim muscles contract flattening the dome on each side (vertical expansion) Pulls up on the lower ribs moving them outward Movement increases thoracic volume during inspiration

Diaphragm/ Abdominal Movement Diaphragm Abdominal Wall Pelvis Inhalation Exhalation

Respiratory System: Components Rib Cage Abdominal Wall Chest Wall Viscera Diaphragm Mediastinum Left Bronchus Trachea Right Bronchus Alveolar Air Sacs Pulmonary System

Chest Wall/ Pulmonary System Respiratory pump consists of the chest wall & within it the pulmonary system. –Chest wall: rib cage, diaphragm, abdominal wall, abdominal viscera, muscles of chest wall and abdomen. –Pulmonary system: lungs (3 right, 2 left), network of tubes (conducting airways) leading from trachea to alveolar air sacs (like upside down trees),

Relative Sizes of: A. RiB Cage Without Lungs attached B. Rib Cage with Lungs Attached Partial Vacuum C. Lungs Without Rib cage Attached

Pulmonary System Trachea: –Flexible tube –11 cm in length, hyaline cartilage rings –Rings are 2 to 2.5 cm in diameter (smooth muscle) –Divides at Carina Trachea & becomes mainstream bronchi (bronchial tubes) Serve right and left lung

Bronchi Structure Trachea Mainstem Bronchi Alveoli Carina

Alveoli/ Capillary Bed Terminal Bronchiole Alveoli To Heart From Heart Capillary Bed Alveolar Duct Alveolus