1. The Appendicular skeleton
126 bones
Upper Extremities
Arms, Shoulders(pectoral girdle), Hands
Lower Extremities
Legs, Feet, Hips(pelvic girdle)

2. Appendicular Skeleton
The pelvic girdle is made up of the hip bones.
The “hip bones” – Coxal bones - are composed of three pair of fused bones – the ilium, ischium, and pubic bone.

3. Axial Skeleton

4. Axial Skeleton Consists of 80 bones Skull Face Inner Ear Hyoid
Spinal Column
Ribs

5. Spinal Column
Vertebral, or spinal column forms longitudinal axis of the skeleton
Flexible due to segmentation of vertebrae
24 vertebrae plus sacrum and coccyx

6. How important? Head is balanced above Ribs are suspended in front
Lower extremities below
Spinal cord enclosed within it.
Literally the “Backbone” of the body.

7. Spinal Cord Divided into three sections Cervical – 1-7 (ie. C1, C2…)
neck
Thoracic – 1-12 (ie. T1, T2…)
Chest
Lumbar – 1- 5 (ie. L1, L2…)
Lower back

8. Sacrum – Coccyx Single bone formed from fusion of 5 vertebrae
Single bone formed from fusion of 4 or 5 vertebrae

9. All have similar structures
Flat, rounded body placed anteriorly and centrally
Sharp or blunt spinous process projecting inferiorly on poster aspect
Two transverse processes projecting laterally

10. Movement of vertebrae Articulation Everywhere Ribs Iliac(pelvis) Head
Each vertebrae articulate with eachother

11. Vertebral Development
When born spinal column forms one continuous posterior convexity from head to coccyx
As a child learns to sit and stand secondary posterior convexities form to maintain balance
cervical and lumbar regions.

12. Problems with Convexity

15. The bony thorax is made up of three parts:
1)Sternum
2)Ribs(24)
3)Thoracic vertebrae

16. Sternum
Xiphoid
Process

17. Ribs 12 pairs You have three different types of ribs
True ribs are the first seven pairs of ribs. True ribs attach directly to the sternum by costal cartilages.
False ribs are the next five pairs. They either attach indirectly to the sternum or not at all.
Floating ribs are the last two pairs of false ribs. They lack sternal attachments.

19. Bones of the Cranium Parietal(2) Occipital Temporal(2) Sphenoid
Ethmoid

20. Bones of the Face Nasal(2) Maxillary(2) Zygomatic(2) Mandible
Lacrimal(2)
Palatine(2)
Inferior nasal conchae(2)
Vomer