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RESPIRATORY SYTEM Anatomy & Physiology.

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Presentation on theme: "RESPIRATORY SYTEM Anatomy & Physiology."— Presentation transcript:

1 RESPIRATORY SYTEM Anatomy & Physiology

2 BACKGROUND-Cellular Respiration
Oxygen is used by cells Oxygen is needed to convert glucose to ATP Carbon dioxide is a waste product Body cells die if respiration fails

3 FUNCTIONS Supplies body with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide
Filters, warms, and humidifies air Helps with producing sound Regulates blood pH

4 DIVISIONS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Upper respiratory tract Nose/nasal cavity/sinuses/pharynx/larynx Lower respiratory tract Trachea/bronchial tree/lungs

5 STRUCTURES/ORGANS Conducting Zone- passages that let air in
Respiratory Zone- gas exchange Larynx- voice box; made of cartilage; false and true vocal cords; attached to hyoid bone Speech Breathing airway Switching mechanism for food and air→ epiglottis

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7 Structures/organs Trachea- windpipe; smooth cartilage with C shaped rings that divides into 2 bronchi; flexible but does not collapse despite pressure changes Bronchi- tubes enter lungs; branch into microscopic alveolar ducts that end in sacs Lungs- extend from diaphragm to clavicle; lobes (2 left lobs and 3 right lobes) Alveoli- site of gas exchange

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9 STRUCTURES/ORGANS Nose- airway; moisten and warms air; filters; resonating chamber for speech; olfactory receptors; nasal cavity=floor=palate (anterior is hard and posterior is soft) Paranasal sinus- open into nasal; lighten the skull; infection=sinusitis Pharynx- throat; houses tonsils; 3 parts (naso,oro,laryngo); uvula closes nasopharynx (no food in the nose)

10 RESPIRATORY MUCOSA Goblet cells
Secrete mucus; watery fluid with lysozyme Produce about a quart a day of liquid with dead junk (dead junk is swallowed)

11 GAS EXCHANGE Air fills alveoli and accounts for most of the lung volume (1500 sq feet) Wall of alveoli→ 2 cell thick (thinner than tissue paper); external wall is covered with cobweb of capillaries air/blood barrier- gas exchange; oxygen diffuses from air in alveoli to blood in capillaries; carbon dioxide diffuses from blood (capillaries) into alveoli Moves from a high to low concentration through diffusion

12 RESPIRATION INCLUDES:
Pulmonary ventilation- replaces gases External respiration- gas exchange in the lungs Transport- gases by the blood and heart Internal respiration- gas exchange into the tissues

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14 VENTILATION Breathing is pulmonary ventilation 2 phases
Inspiration- inhalation of air/air goes in Diaphragm flattens when contracted (high height of thoracic cavity) Intercostal muscles contract to raise the ribs (increases circumference of the thoracic cavity, keeps thorax stiff so sides don’t collapse) Expiration- exhalation of air/air goes out Rib cage drops under the force of gravity Relaxed diaphragm → moves up (curved shape) Volume decreases which increases the pressure  

15 Ventilation Mechanical forces causes movement of air
Gases flow from high to low pressure Diaphragm and intercostal muscles accomplish this Pressure is established by changes in the thoracic cavity High (size) thorax → low pressure = air moves in Low (size) thorax → high pressure = air moves out

16 VOLUMES OF AIR EXCHANGE
Vital capacity: largest volume of air a person can move in and out Depends on the size of the cavity, posture, diseases/condition


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