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2 Morphology is the field within linguistics that studies the internal structure of words. linguistics

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4  is the scientific study of language, which can be theoretical or applied.scientific language  Linguists may specialize in one of the following subparts:

Morphology 15 PhoneticsPhonetics- the study of the physical aspects of sounds of human language PhonologyPhonology - the study of patterns of a language's sounds MorphologyMorphology - the study of the internal structure of words SyntaxSyntax - the study of how words combine to form grammatical sentences SemanticsSemantics - the study of the meaning of words (lexical semantics) and fixed word combinations (phraseology), and how these combine to form the meanings of sentenceslexical semanticsphraseology Words as units in the lexicon are the subject matter of lexicology.lexicology

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7 SENTENCE CLAUSE (s) Clause elements Phrase (s) (group of words) Word (s) Morpheme (s)

Morphology 18 meaningful units.

Morphology 19  and  to  desk

Morphology 110 raincoat rain + coat reader read + -er untie un- + tie.

Morphology 111 Morphemes Meaningful elements smaller than the words.

Morphology 112 HELPFULNESS HELP FULNESS CORE, ROOT

Morphology 113  FREE MORPHEMES  BOUND MORPHEMES

Morphology 114  Morphological structure of words is largely independent of their phonological structure catamaran knickerbocker Tenths - (ten, -th, -s)

Morphology 115 BOUND MORPHEMES Prefixes En -large Suffixes Perform –ance AFFIXES

Morphology 116  Only root morphemes can be free, so affixes are neccessarily bound.  The roots are not always free. BOUND ROOTSFREE ROUTS Audi-encehear-ing Leg-ible read-able Magn-ifyen-large Clar-itywhite-ness

Morphology 117 There also exist words which contain more than one root. The ones formed out of two or more free roots are called COMPOUNDS BOOKCASE, MOTORBIKE, PENKNIFE, TRUCK- DRIVER

Morphology 118  A word can also consist of two or more bound roots ELECTROLYSIS, MICROSCOPY, ECHINODERM.  Other words which contain one bound and one free morpheme MICROFILM, ELECTROMETER.

Morphology 119  MORPHEMES  derivational  inflectional work – work(-s) work – work (-ed)  paradigm

Morphology 120 Analytical process: Synthetical process: Doctor doktor To a doctor k doktorovi

Morphology 121  many morphemes have two or more different pronounciations called ALLOMORPHS

Morphology 122  (-s),  three pronounciations: 1. (s) as in cats or lamps 2. (z) as in dogs or days 3. (iz or ez) as in horses or judges