SETTLING DOWN, BUILDING CITIES, & ESTABLISHING STATES

DOMESTICATION: WHAT IS IT?  Human _______________________of another species  With the result that _________________________  Occurred independently in ____________of the globe between ________________________

DOMESTICATION: WHAT IS IT?  Separating sedentism from domestication and agriculture  What is sedentism?  _______________________________________  Why is this separate from domestication & agriculture?

PLANT CULTIVATION & AGRICULTURE  Agriculture:  Environments suitable for domesticated species  Agroecology = _____________________which becomes the only environment within which ______________________

ANIMAL DOMESTICATION IN THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORD  1. Presence of animal species ___________________  2. __________________between wild and domesticated populations  Example: ______________  Larger in ________ relative _______________

ANIMAL DOMESTICATION IN THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORD  3. Animal population ______________  Gazelle bones versus sheep & goat bones  4. _______________ of fossilized remains

ANIMAL DOMESTICATION IN THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORD  1 st animal: ______________  Evidence from Magdalenian cave site  ___________________-- as old as 16,000yrs (p187)  Very confident date of domestication: _________  North America & SW Asia

ANIMAL DOMESTICATION IN THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORD What followed?  Sheep Domestication  ______________ago SW Asia  Goat Herding  ______________ SW Asia Occurred separately -- Why? ___________________

DOMESTICATION IN THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORD  ______________to domestication  ___________________is not present  Not a ______________ for the emergence of __________  One theory we will consider:  _____________________  Combined local effect of climate, environment, population, technology, social organization, and/or diet

NATUFIANS  Foragers in ________  Wild cereals, nuts, & wild game  ___________  _______________  sedentism  2 dozen villages (~40-150ppl)  1.  2.