Non-Renewable Energy Oil, Gas, and Coal http://education.nationalgeographic.com/education/encyclopedia/non-renewable-energy/?ar_a=1

Where do we get our Power? Where did you get your power today to turn on the lights at home and at school, in the vehicle you drove to school? Today we will: Describe the fundamentals for oil, gas, and coal recovery Compare and contrast oil and gas drilling and coal mining methods and the environmental considerations for each

Non-Renewable Energy Non-renewable energy comes from sources that will run out or will not be replenished in our lifetimes—or even in many, many lifetimes.   Most non-renewable energy sources are fossil fuels: coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Carbon is the main element in fossil fuels. For this reason, the time period that fossil fuels formed (about 360-300 million years ago) is called the Carboniferous Period.  http://education.nationalgeographic.com/education/encyclopedia/non-renewable-energy/?ar_a=1

According to the Central Intelligence Agency, the world generates more than 66% of its electricity from fossil fuels http://education.nationalgeographic.com/education/encyclopedia/non-renewable-energy/?ar_a=1

Coal Coal is a black or brownish rock. We burn coal to create energy. We mine coal out of the ground so we can burn it for energy. There are two ways that we can mine coal: underground mining and surface mining. About half the electricity in the United States comes from coal. Coal is a reliable source of energy, but using coal is also harmful. When coal is burned, it releases many toxic gases and pollutants into the atmosphere. http://education.nationalgeographic.com/education/encyclopedia/non-renewable-energy/?ar_a=1

How Is Coal Converted into Electricity?

Oil Petroleum is a liquid fossil fuel. It is also called oil or crude oil. Petroleum is trapped by underground rock formations. In some places, oil bubbles right out of the ground. Most of the world’s oil is still deep under the ground. We drill through the earth to access the oil. Some deposits are on land, and others are under the ocean floor. Once the oil has been drilled, it must be refined. Oil contains many chemicals besides carbon, and refining the oil takes some of these chemicals out. About half of the world’s petroleum is converted into gasoline. The rest can be processed and used in liquid products such as nail polish and rubbing alcohol, or solid products such as water pipes, shoes, crayons, roofing, vitamin capsules, and thousands of other items. It is relatively inexpensive to extract. It is also a reliable and dependable source of energy and money for the local community. Burning gasoline is harmful to the environment. It releases hazardous gases and fumes into the air that we breathe. There is also the possibility of an oil spill. http://education.nationalgeographic.com/education/encyclopedia/non-renewable-energy/?ar_a=1

Oil and Gas Formation Watch the Animation and think about how long it takes for oil to form Watch the Video on how oil and gas are made

Gas Natural gas is another fossil fuel that is trapped underground in reservoirs. It is mostly made up of methane. You may have smelled methane before. The decomposing material in landfills also release methane, which smells like rotten eggs.  There is so much natural gas underground that it is measured in million, billion, or trillion cubic meters To reach natural gas, some companies use a process called “hydraulic fracturing,” or fracking. Hydraulic means they use water, and fracturing means to “split apart.” The process uses high- pressure water to split apart the rocks underground. This releases the natural gas that is trapped in rock formations. We use natural gas for heating and cooking. Natural gas can also be burned to generate electricity. Natural gas is relatively inexpensive to extract, and is a “cleaner” fossil fuel than oil or coal. However, extracting natural gas can cause environmental problems. Fracturing rocks can cause mini-earthquakes. The high-pressure water and chemicals that are forced underground can also leak to other sources of water. http://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/Contexts/Future-Fuels/Science-Ideas-and-Concepts/Non-renewable-energy-sources http://education.nationalgeographic.com/education/encyclopedia/non-renewable-energy/?ar_a=1

Activity Environmental concerns with Non-Renewable Energy Based on the information provided, make a chart outlining the advantages and disadvantages of Coal, Oil, and Gas Why are these considered non-renewable? What is the long term impact on the environment for each?

Summary Evaluation Describe the fundamentals for oil, gas, and coal recovery Compare and contrast oil and gas drilling and coal mining methods and the environmental considerations for each

References Non-Renewable Energy: http://education.nationalgeographic.com/education/encyclopedia /non-renewable-energy/?ar_a=1 Non-renewable energy: http://www.eschooltoday.com/energy/non-renewable- energy/what-is-non-renewable-energy.html

College and Career Readiness Standards Social Studies I. C. 3 Social Studies I. E. 1, 4 Social Studies IV. A. 1, 3

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