Prologue: The Rise of Democratic Ideas

Journal Can large groups govern themselves without a powerful ruler? Why or why not?

Prologue Section 1 Greek LeaderRole in Developing Democracy 1.Solon 2. Cleisthenes 3. Pericles Important Principles Roman Laws Influence on Democracy Written Legal Codes

Journal Discuss with a classmate and then write about the positive and negative aspects of a direct democracy vs. an indirect democracy.

Sec. 2 Judeo-Christian Tradition

Discuss What do you know about Judaism, Christianity, and Islam?

Judaism Early history of the Jews (Hebrews) is in the Torah (1 st 5 books of the Bible) Leader of the Jews = Abraham Polytheists = more than one God + sacrifices to please them Jews = one God + moral life

Judaism Humans are created in God’s image Each person has worth just by being a child of God Moral freedom = choose between good and evil Written code of laws = Ten Commandments = given to their leader Moses by God Oppose injustice, oppression, poverty

Discuss Ten Commandments Primary Source

Christianity Judea (ancient Palestine) is occupied by Romans when Jesus is born (4 B.C.) His teaching goes beyond Ten Commandments Love everyone Repent to have eternal life According to followers he rises from the dead 3 days after crucifixion

Christianity Paul, a disciple of Jesus, helps spread Christianity  Tells people he is the son of God and all humans are equal Romans send Jews into exile in A.D A.D. Christianity = official religion of empire Emphasized the worth of the individual and equality before God

Islam Develops in early 600s Based on teachings of Prophet Muhammad -> can be found in the Koran Brotherhood of all people Muslims are required to help those in need

The Foundation of Democratic Thinking Combat oppression The worth of the individual The equality of people before God

Renaissance and Reformation 1300s – cultural movement starts in Italy Classical Greek and Roman texts about govt. are studied Artists capture individual character (the importance of the individual) Explorers go to the Americas Encourages ideas about human achievement + potential -> the use of reason Roman Catholic Church has become the most powerful institution in Europe 1517 Martin Luther criticizes the selling of indulgences Protestants = want to reform Catholic Church + direct relationship with god -> individuals can interpret Bible for themselves -> question the power of the pope + monarchs -> salvation comes through faith in god

DEMOCRACY DEVELOPS IN ENGLAND Section 3

Reforms in Medieval England King Henry II ( ) of England develops jury trial with a royal judge Common law – reflects customs and principles established over time King John raises taxes after war with France -> nobles force him to sign the Magna Carta -> guarantees basic legal rights for English people  Due process of law = jury trial guarantee  No taxes without consent of Parliament

Model Parliament King Edward needs money to pay for war with France He needs support Calls lords, knights, burgesses (important citizens) for a meeting to vote on taxes and reforms = Model Parliament House of Commons and House of Lords is created (Parliament)

Parliament Grows Stronger Votes on taxes, passes laws, advises on royal policies Kings throughout Europe in the 1600s claim their power comes from God (divine right)