1. The European Heritage Chapter 1 Section 4

2. Key Terms Define: monotheism, salvation, direct democracy, republic, fedualism

3. Judeo-Christian Tradition Judeo-Christian: the influence of Judaism and Christianity that shaped European values

4. Judaism First major world religion to teach monotheism. Moses brought the Ten Commandments to the Israelites. All rulers had to obey God.

5. Christianity A Jewish teacher names Jesus began to preach in Galilee. He was known as the Messiah, chosen by God to save the world. Jesus was crucified by Roman rulers and rose from the dead three days later. Book of worship: Bible (Gospels show how Jesus taught and performed miracles) Emphasis on love, mercy, forgiveness, and salvation Christianity spread quickly and were often persecuted. It later became the official religion of the Roman Empire.

6. Athenian Democracy In the 5 th century Athens became a direct democracy. Women, slaves, and foreign born people could not participate in government. Believed in education *Boys studied in schools and were trained to speak in the assembly.

7. Roman Government and Law In 509 BC the Romans overthrew their King and set up a republic. Roman republic: elected the senate Rome’s code of laws: defined the rights of citizens; everyone was equal *Innocent until proven guilty (basis for America) 27 BC: Octavian became emperor

8. The Middle Ages The 1000 year period after the fall of Rome. 9 th century feudalism Roman Catholic Church was powerful and was the center of learning. Medieval Europe

9. The Crusades In 1095 Pope Urban II declared a crusade or Holy War, to win back the holy land, where Jesus lived, There were 9 crusades over the next 200 years, all failed. Long term effects: 1) Europeans became closer to Muslims 2) New foods and spices 3) Advanced technology, like navigation (trade)

10. The Renaissance 1300’s: Rebirth of learning Science and invention flourished *Johann Gutenberg: printing press (books became more widely available). Rediscovery of classical literature Art

11. The Reformation Martin Luther: unhappy with Catholic Church and in 1517 demanded a reform (change) He was rejected and rebelled. His followers became known as Protestants and this movement became known as the Protestant Reformation. Wars continued for many years.

12. Age of Exploration Prince Henry the Navigator: wanted to expand Portuguese power and Christianity. *He set up a center for exploration and brought in experts to teach his crew about navigation and map making. Vasco de Gama: Portuguese sailor; found trade route through Africa to India. Handout Crusade Assignment: P. 30 #7 HW: Choose one topic from the following website and write 1 paragraph to answer it: http://library.thinkquest.org/C005356/A-essaytops.htmhttp://library.thinkquest.org/C005356/A-essaytops.htm