The Timeline of Inventors Industrial Revolution Inventors & Inventions

TIMELINE OF INVENTORS 1.Who was the inventor? 2.What was the invention? 3.Where was it invented? 4.When was it invented? 5.What did the invention do? 6.What did the invention allow to happen?

The 1 st Industrial Revolution Historical Figures 1-8

1. JAMES HARGREAVES

Spinning Jenny = thread Great Britain st Industrial Revolution Makes clothes faster and cheaper

2. James Watt

2. JAMES WATT Improved steam engine = energy Great Britain st Industrial Revolution An engine that converts the heat energy of pressurized steam into mechanical energy. Power source for factories

3. Henry Cort

Puddling process/furnace Great Britain st Industrial Revolution Removed carbon impurities from Iron making it stronger Led to widespread use of iron for a variety of items including iron rail (railroad)

4. Eli Whitney

4. ELI WHITNEY Cotton gin – remove seeds from cotton United States st Industrial Revolution Made it easier to clean cotton of its seeds Increases cotton production = more textiles

5. Edward Jenner

Small pox vaccine Great Britain 1798 Helped prevent the spread of smallpox Greatly reduced the number of people getting smallpox and lower fatality rate caricature of Jenner vaccinating patients who feared it would make them sprout cow-like appendages.

6. Robert Fulton

6. ROBERT FULTON Steam Boat = water transportation United States st Industrial Revolution Propelled boats along waterways powered by steam Transportation – faster and cheaper –Communication improves (mail moves faster)

7. Michael Faraday

7. MICHAEL FARADAY Electric Generator Great Britain st Industrial Revolution to 2 nd Industrial Revolution New energy source – makes light, heat, runs machines

8. George Stephenson

8. GEORGE STEPHENSON Steam locomotive – train Great Britain st Industrial Revolution Transportation – land, revolutionized transportation Linked people, place, goods Creates demand for: iron rails & engines, jobs for building & operating, coal

The 2 nd Industrial Revolution Historical Figures 9-18

ESSENTIAL QUESTION What were the major differences between the inventions of the first industrial revolution and the second industrial revolution?

9. Andrew Carnegie

Mass production of steel United States nd Industrial Revolution Steel – lighter, harder, more durable than iron

10. Samuel Morse

10. SAMUEL MORSE Telegraph – coded messages over wires by means of electricity United States st — 2 nd Industrial Revolution Completely changed communication; enabled rapid exchange of information

11. FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE

Nursing profession –Cleaner hospitals, better hygiene, 1 st school of nursing Great Britain nd Industrial Revolution Health/Sanitation Revolution

12. LOUIS PASTEUR

Germ Theory of Disease & Pasteurization - Kill germs – lowers disease & more people live France nd Industrial Revolution Pasteurization – heat-up & cool down

13. THOMAS EDISON

Light Bulb United States nd Industrial Revolution Light – led the way for light and electricity; people (factories) can operate independent of daylight

14. Alexander Graham Bell

Telephone United States nd Industrial Revolution Made communication easier and quicker

The Telephone

15. BENZ, MAYBACH & DAIMLER Wilhelm Maybach

15. BENZ, MAYBACH & DAIMLER Internal Combustion Engine –Made transportation quicker and more reliable Germany 2 nd Industrial Revolution Benz –1885 – 3 wheeled automobile Maybach – Four-stroke cycleFour-stroke cycle Daimler –1885 – 1 st motorcycle

16. Guglielmo Marconi

System of wireless telegraphy Great Britain nd Industrial Revolution Improved ways of communication Allowed communication to go across the Atlantic

17. Orville and Wilbur Wright

Airplane December 17, 1903 United States 2 nd Industrial revolution the first sustained and controlled heavier-than-air powered flight Began a new age in transportation—air travel (sort of)

18. Henry Ford

Model T Assembly line method of construction United States nd Industrial Revolution Greatly improved and sped up production; cut costs of manufactured goods

The Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution Historical Figures 19 & 20

Karl Marx

The Communist Manifesto & Das Kapital 1848 Trier, Germany 2 nd Industrial Revolution Argued against the merits of capitalism & praised the proletariat (workers) His philosophy led to a rise in socialism and radical communism

Adam Smith

The Wealth of Nations 1776 British Colonies in America 1 st Industrial Revolution Laid the theoretical framework for capitalism and the “invisible hand” Believed that the pursuit of individual wealth and success would improve society for everyone