C1 Bellwork Complete Most Missed Quiz – Taxonomy (10 minutes) computer HAPPY MONDAY! Bellwork Complete Most Missed Quiz – Taxonomy (10 minutes) Quickwrite: What is a virus? How do viruses make us sick? How are viral infections treated? Can viral infections be prevented? Write in 37 words.

Unit 8 – Viruses & Microorganisms Definitions Due Wednesday (2/10/16) All Parts Due Wednesday (2/17/16) PG 106 Antibiotic Gram Staining Lyse Bacilli Shaped Host Microorganism Bacterium Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Parasite Bacteriophage Pathogen Binary Fission Retrovirus Immunization Cocci Shaped Spirilla Shaped Influenza Capsid Vaccine Lysogenic Cycle Conjugation Virus Lytic Cycle

Collect Today Taxonomy/Cladogram Video MAKEUP Quiz Assigned Page 106 – Notecard Definitions (Wednesday) Chart MAKEUP Quiz (Friday) Late Taxonomy & Kingdoms Test Analysis (NO CREDIT)

How do viruses differ from living organisms? Standard Essential Question How do viruses differ from living organisms? Standard 4C – Compare the structures of viruses to cells, describe viral reproduction, and describe the role of viruses in causing diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and influenza PG 108

Viruses

I. Viruses A. All viruses have one thing in common:. 1 I. Viruses A. All viruses have one thing in common: 1. They enter living cells and use the cell to produce more viruses.

B. Virus Structure -A virus is made of:. a) a core of DNA or RNA B. Virus Structure -A virus is made of: a) a core of DNA or RNA b) A virus has either a capsid or an envelope surrounding its genetic information. -The capsid allows viral DNA or RNA to enter a host cell. Envelope Capsid

Viral components Spikes Nucleic acids DNA or RNA Capsid Protein Envelope Lipid Spikes Used to attach to cell ONLY SOME VIRUSES

Generalized Structure of Viruses virions having envelopes = enveloped viruses virions lacking envelopes = naked viruses

Generalized Structure of Viruses

Cellular Organisms vs Acellular Particles Eukaryotic Cell Virus Prokaryotic Cell Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Viruses Eukaryotic Nucleus 1 ųm (1000 nm)

C. Virus Specificity -Viruses are highly specific to the cells they infect Examples: 1) plant viruses infect plant cells 2) animal viruses infect only certain related species of animals 3) bacterial viruses infect only certain types of bacteria. So, what about zombies?

Write this on your notes! E. Retroviruses 1. Retroviruses are viruses that contain RNA as their genetic information. -Retroviruses get their name from the fact that their genetic information is copied backward, from RNA to DNA. 2. HIV is the most infamous retrovirus. AZT is a medication used to treat HIV by stopping an enzyme called reverse transcriptase Write this on your notes!

HIV and AIDS

F. Viruses are parasites (use other organisms to grow and reproduce) 1. Viruses are NOT alive because they do not: a) grow and develop b) obtain and use energy c) respond to the environment

G. Vaccines. 1. Viral diseases cannot be treated with antibiotics. 2 G. Vaccines 1. Viral diseases cannot be treated with antibiotics. 2. Vaccines are the best way to protect against viruses a) A vaccine is a dead or weakened version of a virus that is injected into a person to stimulate the immune system. b) Vaccines provide protection only if they are used before an infection begins.