Presented to: By: Date: Federal Aviation Administration North Florida Flight Standards District Office Designated Pilot Examiner 2008 Recurrent Seminar & Annual Meeting North Florida FSDO Pilot Examiners Larry Enlow January 10, 2008

Federal Aviation Administration 2 Flight Instructor Special Emphasis Program January 10, 2008 FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR SPECIAL EMPHASIS PROGRAM The North Florida FSDO has oversight responsibility for the largest volume of flight training and pilot certification activity within the purview of the Federal Aviation Administration

Federal Aviation Administration 3 Flight Instructor Special Emphasis Program January 10, 2008 FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR SPECIAL EMPHASIS PROGRAM This volume of activity provides a unique perspective regarding the direct relationship between the quality of flight training and aviation safety.

Federal Aviation Administration 4 Flight Instructor Special Emphasis Program January 10, 2008 FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR SPECIAL EMPHASIS PROGRAM Such volume of activity also provides a unique opportunity to positively influence flight training and aviation safety.

Federal Aviation Administration 5 Flight Instructor Special Emphasis Program January 10, 2008 FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR SPECIAL EMPHASIS PROGRAM In response to a high number of flight training accidents and incidents, the Flight Instructor Special Emphasis Program was initiated.  Program began September 1, 1998  Has evolved into one of the most important activities conducted by the North Florida Flight Standards District Office.

Federal Aviation Administration 6 Flight Instructor Special Emphasis Program January 10, 2008 FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR SPECIAL EMPHASIS PROGRAM Program Goals  Improve the quality of flight training within the flight schools  Increase awareness among flight instructors of their instructional responsibilities  Reduce the number of flight training accidents and incidents

Federal Aviation Administration 7 Flight Instructor Special Emphasis Program January 10, 2008 FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR SPECIAL EMPHASIS PROGRAM Designed to provide more direct and focused FAA involvement with the Flight Training Community. Accomplished in a positive, educationally oriented manner.

Federal Aviation Administration 8 Flight Instructor Special Emphasis Program January 10, 2008 FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR SPECIAL EMPHASIS PROGRAM  Initial Flight Instructor Certification  Flight Training Accident & Incident Investigations  Bi-weekly CFI Special Emphasis Team Meetings  Pilot Examiner Oversight  Part 141 Pilot School Oversight  Development of collaborative partnership with the flight training community

Federal Aviation Administration 9 Flight Instructor Special Emphasis Program January 10, 2008 FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR SPECIAL EMPHASIS PROGRAM The Program has demonstrated that a PARTNERSHIP between the FAA and the Flight Training Community can ACHIEVE REMARKABLE RESULTS

Federal Aviation Administration 10 Flight Instructor Special Emphasis Program January 10, 2008 NORTH FLORIDA FSDO ACCIDENT & INCIDENT SUMMARY FLIGHT TRAINING ACCIDENTS & INCIDENTS % REDUCTION

Federal Aviation Administration 11 Flight Instructor Special Emphasis Program January 10, 2008 ORLANDO FSDO FY 2007 Flight Training Accident & Incident Analysis

Federal Aviation Administration 12 Flight Instructor Special Emphasis Program January 10, 2008 FY 2007 ACCIDENT & INCIDENT ANALYSIS X23 CE-150 Aircraft stalled and impacted the ground due to premature flap retraction during go-around. CFI onboard with student.

Federal Aviation Administration 13 Flight Instructor Special Emphasis Program January 10, 2008 FY 2007 ACCIDENT & INCIDENT ANALYSIS OMN CE-172 Hard landing and porpoise during student pilot solo operations resulting in substantial damage to aircraft.

Federal Aviation Administration 14 Flight Instructor Special Emphasis Program January 10, 2008 FY 2007 ACCIDENT & INCIDENT ANALYSIS DAB BE-76 Fuel exhaustion during instrument training flight and subsequent off airport emergency landing resulting in 2 fatalities.

Federal Aviation Administration 15 Flight Instructor Special Emphasis Program January 10, 2008 FY 2007 ACCIDENT & INCIDENT ANALYSIS FA83 CE-210 Gear-up while practicing emergency approach and landing to an airport with flight instructor onboard.

Federal Aviation Administration 16 Flight Instructor Special Emphasis Program January 10, 2008 FY 2007 ACCIDENT & INCIDENT ANALYSIS X04 PA-28R Student and CFI forgot to lower landing gear during touch & go, resulting in prop tip and flap damage. CFI accomplished go-around, extended gear, and landed without further incident.

Federal Aviation Administration 17 Flight Instructor Special Emphasis Program January 10, 2008 FY 2007 ACCIDENT & INCIDENT ANALYSIS EVB CE-172 Hard landing and porpoise during student pilot’s first solo resulting in substantial damage to aircraft.

Federal Aviation Administration 18 Flight Instructor Special Emphasis Program January 10, 2008 FY 2007 ACCIDENT & INCIDENT ANALYSIS MLB Liberty XL-2 CFI providing aircraft familiarization training unable to prevent private pilot from losing control of aircraft during landing. Aircraft departed runway and impacted terrain, causing substantial damage.

Federal Aviation Administration 19 Flight Instructor Special Emphasis Program January 10, 2008 FY 2007 ACCIDENT & INCIDENT ANALYSIS VRB PA-28 Student pilot lost control during solo crosswind landing, resulting in minor damage to aircraft.

Federal Aviation Administration 20 Flight Instructor Special Emphasis Program January 10, 2008 FY 2007 ACCIDENT & INCIDENT ANALYSIS LAL R-22 Helicopter experienced dynamic rollover during slope landing demonstration by CFI, causing substantial damage to aircraft.

Federal Aviation Administration 21 Flight Instructor Special Emphasis Program January 10, 2008 FY 2007 ACCIDENT & INCIDENT ANALYSIS SEF Airborne Windsport CFI allowed student to taxi “trike” onto runway and initiate takeoff without noticing HS-125 on short final. HS-125 accomplished go-around, but jet blast and wake turbulence caused “trike” to impact the ground.

Federal Aviation Administration 22 Flight Instructor Special Emphasis Program January 10, 2008 FY 2007 ACCIDENT & INCIDENT ANALYSIS TIX HU-269 CFI unable to prevent abrupt rotation and subsequent hard landing during student’s attempt to hover helicopter.

Federal Aviation Administration 23 Flight Instructor Special Emphasis Program January 10, 2008 FY 2007 ACCIDENT & INCIDENT ANALYSIS ORL DA-20 Student pilot lost control during landing causing minor damage to aircraft.

Federal Aviation Administration 24 Flight Instructor Special Emphasis Program January 10, 2008 FY 2007 ACCIDENT & INCIDENT ANALYSIS MLB CE-152 Student pilot’s aircraft wingtip struck rudder of another aircraft while taxing to parking area during solo operations.

Federal Aviation Administration 25 Flight Instructor Special Emphasis Program January 10, 2008 FY 2007 ACCIDENT & INCIDENT ANALYSIS MLB R-22 CFI failed to intervene during student hover operations, allowing 2 ½ rotations until helicopter struck the ground.

Federal Aviation Administration 26 Flight Instructor Special Emphasis Program January 10, 2008 FY 2007 ACCIDENT & INCIDENT ANALYSIS CRG R-22 CFI unable to prevent tail strike of helicopter during student hover practice.

Federal Aviation Administration 27 Flight Instructor Special Emphasis Program January 10, 2008 FY 2007 ACCIDENT & INCIDENT ANALYSIS SFB CE-172 Student pilot lost directional control during solo landing and struck runway sign, causing substantial damage to aircraft.

Federal Aviation Administration 28 Flight Instructor Special Emphasis Program January 10, 2008 FY 2007 ACCIDENT & INCIDENT ANALYSIS X26 PA-28 Student pilot lost directional control of aircraft during solo landing practice and departed left side of runway, resulting in minor damage to aircraft.

Federal Aviation Administration 29 Flight Instructor Special Emphasis Program January 10, 2008 FY 2007 ACCIDENT & INCIDENT ANALYSIS ORL CE-172 Student pilot lost directional control of aircraft during solo landing and departed left side of runway, resulting in substantial damage to aircraft.

Federal Aviation Administration 30 Flight Instructor Special Emphasis Program January 10, 2008 FY 2007 ACCIDENT & INCIDENT ANALYSIS XFL PA-28R CFI failed to recognize a charging system failure and subsequently failed to properly accomplish a manual gear extension, resulting in a gear collapse upon landing.

Federal Aviation Administration 31 Flight Instructor Special Emphasis Program January 10, 2008 FY 2007 ACCIDENT & INCIDENT ANALYSIS DAB CE-172 Recently certificated private pilot unable to prevent hard landing and porpoise resulting in substantial damage to aircraft.

Federal Aviation Administration 32 Flight Instructor Special Emphasis Program January 10, 2008 FY 2007 ACCIDENT & INCIDENT ANALYSIS LEE PA-28R CFI allowed hard landing during student practice of 180 degree accuracy approach and landing, resulting in substantial damage to aircraft.

Federal Aviation Administration 33 Flight Instructor Special Emphasis Program January 10, 2008 FY 2007 ACCIDENT & INCIDENT ANALYSIS PCM R-22 Student pilot lost control during solo hovering autorotation practice, resulting in rollover and causing substantial damage to helicopter.

Federal Aviation Administration 34 Flight Instructor Special Emphasis Program January 10, 2008 FY 2007 ACCIDENT & INCIDENT ANALYSIS CRG CE-172 Hard landing and porpoise during student pilot’s first solo resulting in substantial damage to aircraft.

Federal Aviation Administration 35 Flight Instructor Special Emphasis Program January 10, 2008 FY 2007 ACCIDENT & INCIDENT ANALYSIS VRB CE-152 Hard landing and porpoise during student pilot solo operations resulting in sheared off nose gear, subsequently causing aircraft to flip upside down.

Federal Aviation Administration 36 Flight Instructor Special Emphasis Program January 10, 2008 FY 2007 ACCIDENT & INCIDENT ANALYSIS OMN HU-269 CFI failed to intervene quickly enough to prevent helicopter from impacting trees during power-off autorotation practice.

Federal Aviation Administration 37 Flight Instructor Special Emphasis Program January 10, 2008 FY 2007 ACCIDENT & INCIDENT ANALYSIS LAL PA-28 Student pilot lost directional control during solo landing and struck runway sign, causing minor damage to aircraft.

Federal Aviation Administration 38 Flight Instructor Special Emphasis Program January 10, 2008 FY 2007 ACCIDENT & INCIDENT ANALYSIS J CE-152 Student pilot lost directional control of aircraft during solo landing, resulting in substantial damage to aircraft.

Federal Aviation Administration 39 Flight Instructor Special Emphasis Program January 10, 2008 FY 2007 ACCIDENT & INCIDENT ANALYSIS OMN Liberty XL-2 Student pilot stalled during attempted go-around during solo landing practice and crashed on airport, resulting in post impact fire and serious injury.

Federal Aviation Administration 40 Flight Instructor Special Emphasis Program January 10, 2008 FY 2007 ACCIDENT & INCIDENT ANALYSIS OMN PA-34 CFI failed to intervene quickly enough to prevent hard landing, resulting in damage to nose gear and propellers.

Federal Aviation Administration 41 Flight Instructor Special Emphasis Program January 10, 2008 FY 2007 ACCIDENT & INCIDENT ANALYSIS LEE EV-98 Light Sport Student pilot lost directional control of aircraft during solo landing and departed left side of runway, resulting in substantial damage to aircraft.

Federal Aviation Administration 42 Flight Instructor Special Emphasis Program January 10, 2008 FY 2007 ACCIDENT & INCIDENT DETAILED SUMMARY OCCURRENCE CFI STUDENT COLLISION ON GND 1 GO AROUND (single eng.) 1 HELO HOVER 3 HELO SLOPE LND 1 HELO AUTOROTATION 11 WAKE TURBULENCE 1 FUEL EXHAUSTION 1 HARD LANDING (180 accu. lnd.) 1 GEAR-UP 3 LANDING 2 14

Federal Aviation Administration 43 Flight Instructor Special Emphasis Program January 10, 2008 FY 2007 ACCIDENT & INCIDENT ANALYSIS CAUSAL FACTORS Increased volume of flight training activity Increased helicopter training activity Helicopters are “less forgiving” of student error Introduction of Light Sport Aircraft Airlines hiring flight instructors at record rate Flight schools unable to retain flight instructors Less experienced flight instructors conducting training Initial CFI no longer “traditional” ASEL

Federal Aviation Administration 44 Flight Instructor Special Emphasis Program January 10, 2008 EXAMINER RESPONSIBILITIES Examiner Special Emphasis Initiatives Place increased emphasis upon landings and go- arounds during practical tests at all certificate levels. Place significant emphasis upon proper instructional techniques and demonstration of landings and go- arounds during flight instructor practical tests. Develop scenario based questions applicable to flight instructor responsibilities associated with supervising student solo flights. Test flight instructor “student error” intervention.

Federal Aviation Administration 45 Flight Instructor Special Emphasis Program January 10, 2008 EXAMINER RESPONSIBILITIES YOU ARE THE ABSOLUTE GATEKEEPER OF THE PILOT CERTIFICATION PROCESS YOU ARE AN ESSENTIAL REPRESENTATIVE OF THE ADMINISTRATOR & THE NORTH FLORIDA FSDO “THOROUGH TESTING BY PILOT EXAMINERS RESULTS IN COMPREHENSIVE TRAINING BY FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS”

Federal Aviation Administration 46 Flight Instructor Special Emphasis Program January 10, 2008 EXAMINER RESPONSIBILITIES Thorough testing by Pilot Examiners is a core element associated with maintaining and improving the quality of flight training occurring within the purview of the Federal Aviation Administration.