2. HOW TO AVOID A GEAR-UP LANDING Presented By Larry Enlow Aviation Safety Inspector Federal Aviation Administration Orlando Flight Standards District Office

3. ORLANDO FSDO-15 ACCIDENT & INCIDENT SUMMARY 1998 1999 2000 2001 TOTAL ACC. & INC.185 176 147 141 TOTAL GEAR-UP 35 26 19 11 TOTAL TRAINING A & I 60 38 2428 TRAINING GEAR-UP 17 10 4 9 TNG. GEAR-UP WITH CFI 11 10 4 9

4. WHY DO GEAR-UPS OCCUR ? SUPERFICIAL CAUSE: DISTRACTION OR NO CHECKLIST REAL CAUSE: INADEQUATE FLIGHT TRAINING IN RETRACTABLE GEAR OPERATIONS

5. DEFICIENCY IN FLIGHT TRAINING CAN BE RESOLVED BY MODIFYING THE INSTRUCTIONAL METHODS USED DURING INITIAL AND RECURRENT RETRACTABLE LANDING GEAR TRAINING OPERATIONS

6. THIS PRESENTATION IS DESIGNED TO PROVIDE AN EXTRAORDINARILY VALUABLE SET OF RETRACTABLE LANDING GEAR OPERATIONAL TECHNIQUES THAT WILL PREVENT A GEAR-UP LANDING

7. RETRACTABLE LANDING GEAR TRAINING CONCEPTS PRIORITIZATION AIRCRAFT OPERATIONAL TASKS AND ASSOCIATED CHECKLIST ITEMS DON’T ALL HAVE THE SAME VALUE AIRCRAFT OPERATIONAL TASKS AND ASSOCIATED CHECKLIST ITEMS DON’T ALL HAVE THE SAME VALUE RETRACTABLE GEAR OPERATIONS HAVE SIGNIFICANT PRIORITY, AND MUST BE EMPHASIZED BY CFI

8. RETRACTABLE LANDING GEAR TRAINING CONCEPTS POSITIONAL IMPRINTING IMPRINTING MEANS: “TO IMPLANT FIRMLY ON THE MIND OR FIX IN THE MEMORY” POSITIONAL IMPRINTING MEANS: “TO FIX IN THE MEMORY THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN POINTS IN SPACE DURING FLIGHT OPERATIONS AND THE NEED TO EXTEND OR RECHECK THE LANDING GEAR IN THE DOWN POSITION

9. POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTED TYPICAL TRAFFIC PATTERN ABEAM TOUCH-DOWN:GEAR DOWN ABEAM TOUCH-DOWN: GEAR DOWN

10. ABEAM THE TOUCH-DOWN POINT

11. FIXED DISTANCE MARKERS

12. GEAR SELECTED DOWN

13. GEAR CONFIRMED DOWN

14. POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTED TYPICAL TRAFFIC PATTERN ABEAM TOUCH-DOWN:GEAR DOWN ABEAM TOUCH-DOWN: GEAR DOWN BASE: 2ND GEAR CHECK

15. SECOND GEAR CHECK ON BASE

16. THREE GREEN

17. POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTED TYPICAL TRAFFIC PATTERN ABEAM TOUCH-DOWN:GEAR DOWN ABEAM TOUCH-DOWN: GEAR DOWN BASE: 2ND GEAR CHECK SHORT FINAL: FINAL GEAR CHECK

18. FINAL GEAR CHECK

19. THREE GREEN

20. POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTED TYPICAL TRAFFIC PATTERN ABEAM TOUCH-DOWN:GEAR DOWN ABEAM TOUCH-DOWN: GEAR DOWN BASE: 2ND GEAR CHECK SHORT FINAL: FINAL GEAR CHECK “ALWAYS HAVE AT LEAST THREE GEAR CHECKS”

21. POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTED PRECISION INSTRUMENT APPROACH SLIDE-SLOPE INTERCEPT: GEAR DOWN

22. GLIDE SLOPE INTERCEPT

24. GEAR SELECTED DOWN

25. GEAR CONFIRMED DOWN

26. POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTED PRECISION INSTRUMENT APPROACH SLIDE-SLOPE INTERCEPT: GEAR DOWN 500’ ABOVE DH: 2ND GEAR CHECK

27. THREE GREEN

28. POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTED PRECISION INSTRUMENT APPROACH SLIDE-SLOPE INTERCEPT: GEAR DOWN 500’ ABOVE DH: 2ND GEAR CHECK RUNWAY IN SIGHT: FINAL GEAR CHECK

29. FINAL GEAR CHECK

30. THREE GREEN

31. POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTED PRECISION INSTRUMENT APPROACH SLIDE-SLOPE INTERCEPT: GEAR DOWN 500’ ABOVE DH: 2ND GEAR CHECK RUNWAY IN SIGHT: FINAL GEAR CHECK “ALWAYS HAVE AT LEAST THREE GEAR CHECKS”

32. POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTED NON-PRECISION INSTRUMENT APPROACH FINAL APPROACH FIX: GEAR DOWN

33. POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTED NON-PRECISION INSTRUMENT APPROACH FINAL APPROACH FIX: GEAR DOWN 500’ ABOVE MDA: 2ND GEAR CHECK

34. POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTED NON-PRECISION INSTRUMENT APPROACH FINAL APPROACH FIX: GEAR DOWN 500’ ABOVE MDA: 2ND GEAR CHECK RUNWAY IN SIGHT: FINAL GEAR CHECK

35. FINAL GEAR CHECK

36. THREE GREEN

37. POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTED NON-PRECISION INSTRUMENT APPROACH FINAL APPROACH FIX: GEAR DOWN 500’ ABOVE MDA: 2ND GEAR CHECK RUNWAY IN SIGHT: FINAL GEAR CHECK “ALWAYS HAVE AT LEAST THREE GEAR CHECKS”

38. POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTED NON-STANDARD ARRIVALS VISUAL APPROACHES BASE ENTRIES STRAIGHT-IN ARRIVALS “WHEN YOU START DOWN, PUT YOUR GEAR DOWN”

39. POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTED NON-STANDARD ARRIVALS “ALWAYS HAVE AT LEAST THREE GEAR CHECKS” MOSTIMPORTANT OF ALL: MOST IMPORTANT OF ALL: FINAL GEAR CHECK

41. THREE GREEN

42. SUPPLEMENTAL TECHNIQUES WHEN RETRACTING GEAR AFTER TAKEOFF, CONFIRM THAT IT GOES UP

43. GEAR SELECTED UP

44. SUPPLEMENTAL TECHNIQUES WHEN RETRACTING GEAR AFTER TAKEOFF, CONFIRM THAT IT GOES UP WHEN EXTENDING GEAR, PRIORITIZE TASK AND CONFIRM GEAR IS DOWN

45. GEAR SELECTED DOWN

46. GEAR IN TRANSIT

47. GEAR CONFIRMED DOWN

48. THREE GREEN

49. SUPPLEMENTAL TECHNIQUES WHEN RETRACTING GEAR AFTER TAKEOFF, CONFIRM THAT IT GOES UP WHEN EXTENDING GEAR, PRIORITIZE TASK AND CONFIRM GEAR IS DOWN AFTER LANDING, CLEAR RUNWAY, STOP AIRCRAFT, THEN IDENTIFY AND VERIFY EACH ITEM BEFORE MOVING IT

50. SYSTEMS KNOWLEDGE THOROUGH UNDERSTANDING OF RETRACTABLE GEAR SYSTEM IS ESSENTIAL TO AVOID A GEAR-UP THOROUGH UNDERSTANDING OF RETRACTABLE GEAR SYSTEM IS ESSENTIAL TO AVOID A GEAR-UP HOW DOES SYSTEM OPERATE ? HOW DOES SYSTEM OPERATE ? HOW DOES WARNING SYSTEM WORK ? HOW DOES WARNING SYSTEM WORK ? HOW IS SYSTEM PROTECTED FROM INADVERTENT OPERATION ON THE GROUND ? HOW IS SYSTEM PROTECTED FROM INADVERTENT OPERATION ON THE GROUND ?

51. SYSTEMS KNOWLEDGE HOW TO RESOLVE SYSTEM MALFUNCTIONS HOW TO RESOLVE SYSTEM MALFUNCTIONS HOW TO CHANGE INDICATOR BULBS HOW TO CHANGE INDICATOR BULBS HOW TO MANUALLY EXTEND GEAR HOW TO MANUALLY EXTEND GEAR PUMP FAILURES PUMP FAILURES ELECTRICAL FAILURES ELECTRICAL FAILURES PARTIAL EXTENSION PARTIAL EXTENSION

52. GEAR UNSAFE LANDINGS WHEN GEAR IS NOT CONFIRMED SAFE WHEN GEAR IS NOT CONFIRMED SAFE TOUCH DOWN SMOOTHLY TOUCH DOWN SMOOTHLY DON’T APPLY BRAKES DON’T APPLY BRAKES DON’T TURN OFF RUNWAY DON’T TURN OFF RUNWAY STOP STRAIGHT AHEAD STOP STRAIGHT AHEAD EXIT AIRCRAFT & DON’T GET UNDER IT TO SEE IF GEAR IS LOCKED EXIT AIRCRAFT & DON’T GET UNDER IT TO SEE IF GEAR IS LOCKED

53. GEAR UNSAFE LANDINGS WHEN GEAR IS CONFIRMED UNSAFE WHEN GEAR IS CONFIRMED UNSAFE FOLLOW EMERGENCY CHECKLIST FOLLOW EMERGENCY CHECKLIST LAND ON PAVEMENT, NOT GRASS LAND ON PAVEMENT, NOT GRASS TURN OFF FUEL TURN OFF FUEL TURN OFF MAGS & MASTER SWITCH TURN OFF MAGS & MASTER SWITCH UNLATCH CABIN DOOR UNLATCH CABIN DOOR EXIT AIRCRAFT QUICKLY EXIT AIRCRAFT QUICKLY

54. ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS TOUCH & GO LANDINGS ? TOUCH & GO LANDINGS ? IDENTIFY AND VERIFYIDENTIFY AND VERIFY DON’T DO TOUCH & GOES WITH GEAR REMAINING DOWN DON’T DO TOUCH & GOES WITH GEAR REMAINING DOWN TRAIN FOR NORMAL FLIGHT OPERATIONSTRAIN FOR NORMAL FLIGHT OPERATIONS RIGHT SEAT TRANSITION RIGHT SEAT TRANSITION CFI BE READYCFI BE READY ARE YOU FIT TO FLY ARE YOU FIT TO FLY FATIGUE OR MENTAL DISTRACTIONS CAN CAUSE FORGETFULNESSFATIGUE OR MENTAL DISTRACTIONS CAN CAUSE FORGETFULNESS

55. SUMMARY APPLY SIGNIFICANT PRIORITY TO RETRACTABLE LANDING GEAR OPERATIONS

56. SUMMARY DEVELOP AND USE POSITIONAL IMPRINTING APPLY SUPPLEMENTAL TECHNIQUES

57. SUMMARY EVALUATE ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS MAKE SURE YOU’RE FIT TO FLY

59. THREE GREEN