Dr. Mohammad Nazam Ansari Reproductive System Anatomy Practical [PHL 212]

 Producing offspring  The male and female gonads (testes and ovaries) produce  Sex cells (ova and sperm) and  The hormones necessary for the proper development, maintenance, and functioning of the organs of reproduction and other organs and tissues. Testis  The testes produce testosterone, which is responsible for sperm production and the development of male secondary sex characteristics Ovary  The ovaries produce estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen is required for the development of secondary sex characteristics and for the development of eggs. Progesterone prepares the uterus for a fertilized egg. Reproductive System

 Testes  Duct system  Epididymis  Vas Deferens  Urethra  Accessory organs  Seminal Vesicle  Prostate Gland  Bulbourethral Gland (Cowper’s glands)  External genitalia  Penis  Scrotum  Glans Penis  Prepuce

 Testes  Paired oval glands measuring 2 X 1in.  Produce Sperm  Surrounded by dense white capsule  Septa form compartments called lobules  Each is filled with 2 or 3 seminiferous tubules where sperm are formed  Mature male produces million/ejaculation  Seminiferous tubule  Seminiferous tubules contain Sperm forming cells  Interstitial (leydig) cells in between tubules secrete testosterone

 Scrotum  Sac/Location of testes  Epididymis  Over 20 feet long, Located in scrotum  Receives sperm from the seminiferous tubules  Allows sperm to mature & stored until released  Vas deferens  is the dilated continuation of the epididymis  joins with a seminal vesicle to form an ejaculatory duct  Duct transports sperm from epididymis to urethra

 Penis: Delivers semen to the vagina  Urethra: Tube that delivers urine & semen out of body  Glans penis: Swollen head of the penis  Prepuce (foreskin): In a circumcision procedure, the prepuce is removed.

 Seminal Vesicles ◦ Paired glands, secrete 60% of clear, alkaline seminal fluid, with fructose sugar, ATP and prostaglandins for normal sperm nutrition & function  Prostate ◦ Single, lies under the urinary bladder ◦ Secretes 30% of milky seminal fluid with an antibiotic to kill bacteria ◦ Its secretions also help to neutralize vaginal acidity and make sperm motile.  Cowper’s Glands ◦ Two tiny glands below the prostate, secrete clear, alkaline mucus to lubricate urethra

 Ovary  Two ovaries, Location of egg production  Located in the pelvic part of the abdomen on either side of the uterus  Fallopian Tubes (Uterine Tubes or oviducts)  Paired tubes that connects ovaries to uterus & transports eggs  Transport is by peristalsis & beating cilia  Uterus  Hollow, thick-walled muscular chamber located in the pelvis anterior to the rectum and posterosuperior to the bladder  Contains environment to allow for the development of a fertilized egg & provides nutrition to embryo  Expands 500 x’s its normal size during a full term pregnancy

 Cervix  Neck of the uterus  Vagina  Thin-walled muscular tube lying between the bladder and the rectum, extending from the cervix to the exterior of the body,  Provides a passageway from uterus to outside for birth, menstrual flow, and is the organ of copulation

External genitalia (Vulva) Includes the mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, and clitoris.