Organic Chemistry 24 الباب الحادي عشر الكيمياء العضوية.

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Presentation transcript:

Organic Chemistry 24 الباب الحادي عشر الكيمياء العضوية

Common Elements in Organic Compounds

Classification of Hydrocarbons

Alkanes الألكانات Alkanes have the general formula C n H 2n+2 where n = 1,2,3,… only single covalent bonds saturated hydrocarbons because they contain the maximum number of hydrogen atoms that can bond with the number of carbon atoms in the molecule CH 4 C2H6C2H6 C3H8C3H8 methaneethanepropane

Structural isomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structures

How many structural isomers does pentane, C 5 H 12, have? CCCC C HHHHH H HHHHH H CCC C HCH 3 HH H HHHH H CC C H H H HH H n-pentane 2-methylbutane 2,2-dimethylpropane

1.The parent name of the hydrocarbon is that given to the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms in the molecule. CH 3 CH 2 CHCH 2 CH methylheptane 2.An alkane less one hydrogen atom is an alkyl group. CH 4 CH 3 methane methyl Alkane Nomenclature تسمية الألكانات

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