Foreign Policy: Protecting the American Way Chapter 17

The Roots of U.S. Foreign and Defense Policy The cold war era The cold war era Containment Containment Vietnam Vietnam Bipolar (power structure) Bipolar (power structure) © 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.2

The Roots of U.S. Foreign and Defense Policy A new world order A new world order Unipolar (power structure) Unipolar (power structure) Multilateralism Multilateralism The Gulf War The Gulf War War in the Balkans War in the Balkans © 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.3

The Roots of U.S. Foreign and Defense Policy The war on terrorism The war on terrorism U.S. no longer using a multilateral approach U.S. no longer using a multilateral approach Would not support Kyoto Protocol or International Criminal Court Would not support Kyoto Protocol or International Criminal Court 9-11 World Trade Center and Pentagon attacks 9-11 World Trade Center and Pentagon attacks Preemptive war doctrine Preemptive war doctrine Afghanistan invasion and ouster of Taliban Afghanistan invasion and ouster of Taliban © 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.4

The Roots of U.S. Foreign and Defense Policy The Iraq War The Iraq War Rationale for war, suspected weapons of mass destruction (WMD) Rationale for war, suspected weapons of mass destruction (WMD) Strong international objection to military action Strong international objection to military action Postwar Iraq very unstable, making reconstruction difficult Postwar Iraq very unstable, making reconstruction difficult Heavy involvement in Iraq limited U.S. ability to respond on other fronts Heavy involvement in Iraq limited U.S. ability to respond on other fronts Waning public support and the “surge” Waning public support and the “surge” © 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.5

The Military Dimension of National Security Policy Military power, uses, and capabilities Military power, uses, and capabilities Nuclear war Nuclear war Conventional war Conventional war The all-volunteer military The all-volunteer military Unconventional (guerilla) war Unconventional (guerilla) war Vietnam, Iraq, Afghanistan Vietnam, Iraq, Afghanistan Transnational terrorism Transnational terrorism © 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.6

The Military Dimension of National Security Policy The politics of national defense The politics of national defense Public opinion Public opinion Generally supportive Generally supportive Wanes if military conflict extends for long period Wanes if military conflict extends for long period The military-industrial complex The military-industrial complex © 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.7

The Economic Dimension of National Security Policy Three world economic centers Three world economic centers United States, Europe, Pacific Rim United States, Europe, Pacific Rim Promoting global trade Promoting global trade Marshal Plan Marshal Plan Multinational corporations Multinational corporations Economic globalization Economic globalization Free trade and protectionism Free trade and protectionism Trade imbalance and China Trade imbalance and China © 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.8

The U.S. Trade Deficit © 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.9

The Economic Dimension of National Security Policy Maintaining access to oil and other natural resources Maintaining access to oil and other natural resources Middle East and the Gulf War Middle East and the Gulf War Assisting developing nations Assisting developing nations IMF and World Bank IMF and World Bank Misconceptions and low popular support in U.S. Misconceptions and low popular support in U.S. © 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.10

Assistance to Developing Countries, as a Percentage of Gross National Income © 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.11

A Challenging World Expanded terrorist threats Expanded terrorist threats Iraq conflict mobilized and united Islamic extremists Iraq conflict mobilized and united Islamic extremists The challenge of the global economy The challenge of the global economy U.S. oil dependency U.S. oil dependency Surging Chinese economy Surging Chinese economy Weakening U.S. dollar Weakening U.S. dollar © 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.12