1. Warm-up: What is foreign policy? a policy pursued by a nation in its dealings with other nations, designed to achieve national objectives

2. 21 st -Century United States Foreign Policy & America’s Role in the World

3. Factors that shaped Foreign Policy Economics – Multi-national corporations – Economic power elite – Military industrial complex Ideology – Vision of national greatness—America’s mission – Racial hierarchy – Extremely anti-revolutionary – Unilateralism—acting alone and independent Domestic politics – Most Americans are ill-informed – Nation of immigrants – Can’t appear weak Rise of Imperial President – Bypass checks & balances – Violates foundation of American government Resource wars – oil

4. Policy up to 2000 Isolationism to War with Spain 1898 Isolationism & Imperialism to WWI—Lusitania Isolationist to WWII—Pearl Harbor 1941 Containment to End of Cold War With the Cold War over in 1992, the U.S. had to redefine its role in the world. Nation-building to September 11, 2001 – Upholding international order – Nipping aggression in the bud—respond to aggression – America’s “credibility” as a superpower

5. U.S. Military Intervention in the 1990s Many Americans favored economic support for foreign countries. Just as many feared lending military support to embattled nations. But Clinton felt several conflicts demanded U.S intervention. 1994 Haiti-US troops to stop civil turmoil 1995 Bosnia-US troops to stop ethnic cleansing of Muslims & Croats 1992 Somalia-US troops to stop civil war but failed to stop it

6. Fighting between the Israelis and Palestinians became more violent In 2000, Clinton brought Palestinian leader Yasir Arafat and Israeli leader Ehud Barak to Camp David to broker a peace agreement between them. It was not successful. Conflict in the Middle East increased in the 1990s.

7. The U.S. itself became a target of Middle Eastern extremists. A terrorist group called al Qaeda exploded a bomb in the World Trade Center in New York City in 1993. The group also set off bombs killing more 225 people at American embassies in Kenya and Tanzania. In 2000, they attacked the USS Cole, a warship anchored off Yemen, killing 17 American sailors. American leaders learned that fighting terrorism would be extremely difficult.

8. America’s Foreign Policy 2001 2001—George Bush Administration – September 11, 2001 – Preventative war – “Changing” international order – More intimidation than of credibility War on terrorism – WMDs---there were none – alQaeda & Hussein—truthfully they were enemies – Manipulation of evidence & misleading public – Invasion of Iraq—undermined economy & social welfare system – Iraq has 10% of world oil reserves

9. Taliban government supported al Qaeda & bin Laden in Afghanistan US overthrew Taliban and freed Afghanistan Bin Laden escapes in mountains and US pursues him and his al Qaeda forces in the region

10. America’s Foreign Policy In the United States “national interests” – Democracy – Economics/Trade – Big business profit---outsourcing 2010-advancing American interests – Security of American people – Growing U.S. economy – Support for our values – An international order that can address 21 st - Century challenges

11. Osama bin Laden, leader of the al Qaeda network, was thought to be hiding in Afghanistan where the Taliban allowed him to operate. The United States and its allies sent forces to Afghanistan and overthrew the Taliban. Bin Laden escaped capture; Afghanistan held free elections and wrote a new constitution. 11

12. Activity: Defining Moment Superpower