The Dark Ages.

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Presentation transcript:

The Dark Ages

The Fall of the Roman Empire was a TURNING POINT in World History!! Fall of Rome Recap The Fall of the Roman Empire was a TURNING POINT in World History!! Remember the Roman Empire fell due to 4 reasons: #1 Military Attacks Rome could not protect itself from invaders and Rome hired mercenaries (foreign soldiers) to defend its borders. #2 Political Troubles Government was more oppressive and authoritarian. Bad Emperors undermined loyalty to Rome. Dividing Empire also weakened Rome. #3 Economic Weakness Heavy taxes, reliance on slave labor, lack of new technology, and poverty led to a bad economy #4 Social Decay Decline of patriotism, discipline and devotion to the Roman Empire led to the collapse.

Dark Ages During the Pax Romana, the Roman empire included much of Western Europe. The Roman Empire made many lasting contributions to Western Europe: #1 Spread classical ideas #2 Spread Latin Languages #3 Spread Christianity After the Fall of Rome in 476, Europe entered a time of political, social, and economic decline – that would be called the “Dark Ages” (also Middle Ages). During this time, invaders swept across Europe, trade slowed, towns were abandoned, and learning stopped. This time period was actually not “Dark” but saw a new culture form that blended Greco-Roman, Germanic and Christian ideas. It would be called the Medieval Civilization.

Germanic Kingdoms After the Roman Empire fell, groups of Germanic tribes controlled most of Europe. The main groups were the Anglo-Saxons (Great Britain), the Visigoths (Spain), Ostrogoths (Italy), and Franks (France and Germany). The tribes did not govern like empires - they had no kings, no cities, or laws. This changed when Clovis (who was evil), King of the Franks, united Gaul and ruled his new lands according to Frankish customs and preserved much of the Roman legacy. In the 700s, Muslim Empires invaded Europe. Charles Martel rallied Frankish Warriors and defeated the Muslims at the Battle of Tours (732). This led to the rise of Charlemagne.

Age of Charlemagne Christianity In 786, Charles Martel’s grandson became King. He became known as Charlemagne, or Charles the Great. Charlemagne was a BIG figure (standing at 6’4”) and established the Carolingian Empire in Europe. Most of Charlemagne’s 46 year reign was spent conquering other Germanic tribes and uniting the Old Western Roman Empire. Charlemagne united his empire through Christianity, Justice, and Education. Christianity Charlemagne was close with the Pope, the leader of the Christian church. In 799, Charlemagne was crowned Emperor of the Romans by Pope Leo III. This was very important because it created a united Christian community. But….

It angered the REAL Roman Emperor (in Constantinople) and led to the Great Schism when the Christian church divided into the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches. Justice Charlemagne prided himself on being a fair and just ruler and sent out officials called Missi Dominici to make sure justice was done. Education He also believed that education was a way to unite his empire (even though he could not read and write!). He created the Palace School in Aachen. However, all good things come to an end. Charlemagne died in 814 and the Carolingian Empire declined. Charlemagne’s grandson’s battled over his empire and divided it into 3 areas.

Charlemagne’s Legacy While the Carolingian Empire did not remain in tact, Charlemagne left an important legacy in World History. #1 He extended Christian civilization into Northern Europe. #2 He blended Germanic, Roman, and Christian traditions. #3 He established a strong and efficient government that would be copied by future kings.

New Invaders! In the late 800s, Muslim forces conquered Sicily and made it a center of Islamic civilization. Beginning in the 900s, the nomadic Magyars settled in Hungary and plundered parts of Germany and France. However, the Vikings broke the last threads of Charlemagne’s Empire! The Vikings were from expert sailors and destructive raiders from Scandinavia. They would loot and burn communities all over Europe – every European’s nightmare were the Vikings. However, the Vikings also did a few good things. They were explorers and discovered new lands (Americas) and created new trade routes.

Dark Ages Diary Entry Pretend you are living during the Middle Ages. You are going to write a diary entry about your life at this time. Be sure to answer at least 5 of these questions in your dairy entry: What was life like after the fall of Rome? What Germanic Kingdom do you belong to? How is your Germanic kingdom governed? Who is Charlemagne? How has Charlemagne united the Franks? What are the various classes of people in Feudalism? Who lives in a castle? How is it protected? Who were the knights? Any other information you gathered from notes and the video clip.