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. Presented by: Presented by: Mrs. Rasha Abdul Salam Mrs. Rasha Abdul Salam & Mrs. Dalyia Salama Mrs. Dalyia Salama Supervised by: Mrs. Nabeela Al-Ansari Mrs. Nabeela Al-Ansari

What is writing? According to Hudelson ( 1988) : Writing is: “ The creation of original text using the individual’s intellectual and linguistic resources, rather than copying someone else’s text, using a personal list of words to create sentences or stories.” It’s the way to express their thoughts on papers in a proper way.

Why is writing? Write 4 in 4

,.1-Writing skill is increasingly important but often not adequately taught. It’s a skill which hasn’t been accorded the attention it deserves. 2-The wrong belief that considers EFL ps. have: No talent for writing. No interest for writing. No motivation for writing.

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- Many pupils continue to have poorly developed writing skill in spite of many years of learning English, and having highly developed reading and speaking skills. And that was very clear in the results of the diagnostic test.

- The development of phraseological and clausal structure of learning English is neglected. As it remains the basis for linguistic productivity and construction. By phraseological structure, we mean the elaboration of phrase structures and clauses within a sentential context.

- Writing facilitate learning the language. If you ask your pupils to write (using different exercises) sentences or paragraphs about the unit they have learnt, and they write successfully, it means that learning process has been achieved.

Helping primary school pupils develop strong writing skill to be able to cope with the more complicated writing activities in preparatory schools.

What is supposed to be achieved in writing skill for each grade in primary stage? Grade 1: Writing the letters. Writing cvc words. Writing some simple words. Writing simple phrases. Writing simple sentences. Writing sentences expressing opinions.

Grade 2 Writing words. Writing phrases. Writing sentences. Writing short paragraphs.( 3 sentences only) Writing sentences expressing their opinions.

Grades 3,4 &5 Writing words. Writing sentences. Writing simple paragraphs. Writing their opinions. Writing sentences to form a simple story.

How to -

A discussion form - Discussing different topics with pupils and asking them to write about these topics. We can use pictures, or any visual resources or guiding sentences to prepare pupils and encourage them to write. We should include arguments ( for & against), then recommendations. - Discussing different topics with pupils and asking them to write about these topics. We can use pictures, or any visual resources or guiding sentences to prepare pupils and encourage them to write. We should include arguments ( for & against), then recommendations.

A description form - It could be for someone or something. - It could be for someone or something. - It may include brainstorming questions like: - It may include brainstorming questions like: who / what they look like/ how they act/ what makes them special who / what they look like/ how they act/ what makes them special what / how it looks like, sounds or tastes/ where it’s seen or found/how it’s used. what / how it looks like, sounds or tastes/ where it’s seen or found/how it’s used.

A procedure form - Explain what has to be done. - Explain what has to be done. - list everything that will be needed. - list everything that will be needed. - Number all the steps in order. - Number all the steps in order.

A recount form - Pupils should retell past events or experiences. - Pupils should retell past events or experiences. - Pupils write about what happened: e.g. first / next / then, and finally. - Pupils write about what happened: e.g. first / next / then, and finally.

A response form - Oral discussion about different opinions. - Oral discussion about different opinions. - Describing personal responses and opinions. - Describing personal responses and opinions. (What is your opinion?) (What is your opinion?)

A funny writing - Teachers should think of something funny or imaginative to discuss it with pupils, then asking them to write about it. Pupils get excited to write about imaginative story or unbelievable event. - Teachers should think of something funny or imaginative to discuss it with pupils, then asking them to write about it. Pupils get excited to write about imaginative story or unbelievable event.

How to -

Reading & writing are complementary to each other. Reading and writing are key elements in a balanced elementary school curriculum. These skills can be taught so that young learners are better motivated and equipped to continue making progress in English language. Pupils who learn to read and write can then personalize these skills and use them to share about themselves, learn about others, and explore their world. They can become active learners and communicators. Reading is a regular pill containing all the essential vitamins a growing writer needs.

You should consider the following: Limit the amount of reading so that pupils may have time for writing. Create a competitive atmosphere so that pupils may have the desire to compete with each other and write something distinguished. The reading text given to them should be interesting, colourful and easy to write about. Make the writing assignment clear for all pupils of different levels.

Suggested reading activities that would help to develop writing skills Read, choose the word then write Read the sentences and write the correct word. Read then write the answers. Read and write a suitable title. Read and write a summary of two or three sentences. Read and finish the story. Read and write your opinion.

Reading & writing Read and complete the missing parts in the story. Read the words and write what you feel when you read them. Read words and write sentences. Read and complete the sentences. Read the situation and write what you would do. Look at the pictures, read the questions and write the answers. Read the information and write sentences or paragraphs. Read, find the mistake, and then write the correct form.

How to -

Listening & writing - -Listen and write the missing letters, words, phrases or sentences. -Listen and write the answers to some questions. -Listen and write a suitable title. -Listen and write your opinion. -Listen and write what it might be the end of the story.

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Drawing:  - Encourage your pupils to draw what they want or like, and then discuss their drawings and ask them to write a word, a sentence or a paragraph according to the pupils’ level. Show a great interest and admiration.  - Don’t frustrate your pupils by correcting each mistake.  - It could be done at the end of the lesson in the wrap-up stage.

Funny and interesting activities and games  -There are a great number of activities and puzzles that help pupils with spelling and increasing their vocabulary and consequently, they help to develop writing skill.  - Some of these activities are:  Crossword puzzles  Hidden-word/sentence  Write until wrong  Word unscrambles

Wall-journal  Paste pupil’s drawing, free writing papers, or any of their best writing on pieces of cardboard, then put them on a large wall – chart inside their classroom and call it “wall- journal”. It will encourage them to write and be proud of their hanging works. They feel they will compete each other in an exciting atmosphere.

The power of pictures  Pupils may feel that writing is a boring endeavor. However writing doesn’t have to be boring. You can make writing fun and exciting for any young pupil, especially primary school pupils. They always need something amusing to draw their attention, and to motivate them to write.  One of excellent strategies to help your pupils see writing as a fun and exciting adventure is using pictures. You can use pictures to inspire your pupils to write.

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Thank you