Photosynthesis ATP/ADP Photosynthesis Process Calvin Cycle, NADPH, and Chloroplasts

Energy- ability to do work  1. What types of activities require energy?  2. How do humans obtain most of their energy?  3. How do plants obtain most of their energy?

Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs  Auto (self) trophs- organisms that can make their own food (producers)  Heterotrophs- organism that rely on eating other materials to obtain energy (consumers)

ATP/ADP  Powers cellular work  Renewable energy source  Adenosine tri phosphate  Made up of 3 parts (Adenosine- nitrogenous base, Ribose- sugar, Phosphate groups -3 (tri) 2 (di)  Energy is stored and released through the phosphate groups adding or losing a Phosphate.

Photosynthesis  Process that plants use to obtain energy converting sunlight, water and CO2 into O2 and high energy carbohydrates (sugars/starches.)

Van Helmont  Calculated mass of planter, soil and seedling.  Watered plant…and it increased in mass.  Water was the only material Van Helmont added…water was food for the plant!

Joseph Priestly  Put a candle in a bell jar and the lit it. Candle went out (no oxygen)  Put a plant in the bell jar and the candle was able to be re-lit…  Plants give off oxygen!

Jan Ingenhousz  Showed that Priestly’s experiment only worked in the presence of light.  Light is necessary for plants to produce Oxygen.

 Plants capture light from the sun and absorb the energy from that light into electrons in the chlorophyll molecule.  Chlorophyll is the pigment in chloroplasts (organelle that is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells.)  Chlorophyll absorbs colors except green, which is reflected.

Chloroplast  - Organelle where photosynthesis takes place  Chlorophyll is the pigment found in chloroplasts that help trap sunlight and store/use the energy.  2 steps  A) Light-dependent reaction  B) Light-independent reaction (Calvin Cycle)

Parts of the chloroplast  Double membrane- A1/A2 (selectively permeable) allow materials in and out of the cell  Stroma- B (like cytoplasm) Calvin cycle (light-independent reaction happens here)  Thylakoids- C stacks of grana that contain chlorophyll that capture the sun’s light.

NADPH  Sunlight give energy to electrons in chlorophyll  Special electron designed to carry high energy electrons and carry them to other molecules.  NADP is the electron carrier…add H and it becomes NADPH. This chemically traps energy.

Light-Dependent Reactions  Requires light (duh)  ADP--  ATP  NADP--  NADPH  Uses light from the sun!  Produces O2

Light-Independent reaction (AKA- CALVIN) cycle  Part 2 of Photosynthesis  Uses ATP, NADPH and converts in into long term energy storage (SUGARS)  Does not require light  Takes in CO2 from atmosphere--  releases sugar (energy)  Sugar aids in growth and development and production of complex carbohydrates.

Photosynthesis foldable  Obj: Create a foldable that describes the process of photosynthesis breaking down the 2 main parts of photosynthesis, the equation for photosynthesis and details the chloroplast and the role it plays in photosynthesis.