1. Riddle of the Day What is once in a minute, twice in a moment, and never in a thousand years? The letter M

2. PHOTOSYNTHESIS

3. PHOTOSYNTHESIS VOCAB 1. Autotroph 2. Heterotroph 3. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) 4. Photosynthesis 5. Pigment 6. Chlorphyll 7. Thylakoid 8. Stroma 9. NADP+ 10. Light-dependent reactions 11. ATP Synthase 12. Calvin Cycle

4. Energy is the ability to do work. Living things depend on energy. Without the ability to obtain and use energy, life would cease to exist. Where does energy come from?

5. Plants and some other organisms use light energy from the sun to produce food. Organisms that make their own food are called AUTOTROPHS. Organisms that get energy from foods they consume are called HETEROTROPHS.

7. One of the principal chemical compounds cells use to store and release energy is ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE, or ATP. The characteristics of ATP make it exceptionally useful as the basic energy source of all cells.

9. Energy from ATP powers other important events in the cell. Where do autotrophs get their energy? a. Nutrients in the ground b. Other organisms c. The sun d. They just get it.

10. Where do heterotrophs get their energy from? a. The sun b. Foods they consume c. They don’t have energy d. The dirt

11. What molecule is this? a. ATP b. DNA c. Glucose d. ADP

12. The key cellular process with energy production is PHOTOSYNTHESIS. Plants use energy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into energy. Where does the tree’s increase in mass come from?

13. Van Helmont’s experiment. Took a small tree, weighed it, and put it in a pot of soil that he had also weighed. After 5 years he came back and weighed everything again. The soil was the same weight. The small tree however, had gained 75 kg. HOW???

14. Priestly’s experiment. Candle under jar. Flame goes out fairly fast. Candle under jar with plant. Flame stays lit for longer. How?? These experiments led to the discovery that in the presence of light, plants turn Carbon Dioxide into energy and release Oxygen as a product.

15. Photosynthesis Equation

16. Energy travels from the sun in the form of light. Sunlight is a mixture of different wavelengths. Plants gather sun’s energy with light-absorbing molecules call PIGMENTS. Principal pigment is chlorophyll.

17. Chlorophyll absorbs red and blue wavelengths, but reflects green wavelengths.

18. What is the equation for photosynthesis? a. Carbon dioxide + water  Glucose + Oxygen b. Oxygen + water  Glucose + Carbon Dioxide c. Oxygen + Carbon dioxide  Glucose + Water d. Glucose + Carbon dioxide  Water + Oxygen

19. What is chlorophyll? a. The thing that makes plants green b. A pigment c. Something that absorbs energy d. All the Above

20. What wavelengths does chlorophyll not absorb? a. Red b. Blue c. Yellow d. Green

21. Inside a Chloroplast Photosynthesis takes place inside chloroplasts. Chloroplasts contain saclike photosynthetic membranes called THYLAKOIDS. A stack of thylakoids is called a granum.

23. Inside the thylakoids, proteins organize the chlorophyll into clusters called PHOTOSYSTEMS. Photosystems collect the sunlight. Outside of the thylakoids, the fluid part of the chloroplast is the STROMA.

24. Photosynthesis has two parts: Light-dependent reactions, and light-independent reactions (Calvin Cycle). The light-dependent reactions happen in the thylakoid membranes. The light-independent (Calvin Cycle) happen in the stroma.

26. Things needed for photosynthesis to happen: -Light -Water -Carbon Dioxide Products of Photosynthesis: -Oxygen -Sugars

27. When sunlight excites electrons in chlorophyll, the electrons gain tons of energy. Hot Coal example Special carriers of electrons are NADP+. Takes 2 electrons at a time and a Hydrogen Molecule (H+). They are then converted to NADPH. Storage for energy.

28. NADPH then takes the electrons to other places in the cell where they are needed.

29. Riddle of the Day The more you have of it, the less you see. What is it? DARKNESS

30. What are the disc-like structures inside a chloroplast called? a. Stroma b. Chlorophyll c. Thylakoids d. Cell Wall

31. What are the two parts of photosynthesis? a. Light Reaction and Calvin Cycle b. Dark Cycle and the Correct Cycle c. Energy and Light d. Calvin Cycle and dark reaction

32. What are the products of photosynthesis? a. Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen b. Oxygen and Sugars c. Carbon Dioxide and Water d. Sugars and Water

33. Riddle of the Day This object can be driven, but has no wheels, and can also be sliced and remain whole. What is it? A GOLF BALL

34. Where in the chloroplast do the light reactions take place? a. Cytoplasm b. Stroma c. Thylakoids d. Arms and Legs

35. Where in the chloroplast does the Calvin Cycle take place? a. Stroma b. Cytoplasm c. Thylakoids d. Arms and Legs

36. What are the products of the light reaction? a. Energy (ATP and NADPH) and Oxygen b. Carbon Dioxide c. Sugars d. Water

37. What are the products of the Calvin cycle? a. Sugars b. Oxygen c. Water d. Carbon Dioxide

38. LIGHT-DEPENDENT REACTIONS require light. Plants need light to grow. These reactions use energy from light to produce ATP, NADPH, and oxygen. They provide energy to build energy- containing sugars.

39. ATP and NADPH made in the light-dependent reactions can only store energy for a few minutes. Once they are made, they go through the CALVIN CYCLE that then converts them to high- energy compounds (sugars) that can be stored for a long time. The Calvin cycle doesn’t not require light, sometimes called the dark cycle.

40. The Calvin cycle uses carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to produce sugars. These sugars store tons of energy for the plant to use. When other organisms eat the plant they also get energy from the sugars that the plant has made through photosynthesis.

41. The two cycles work together. The light-dependent reactions take sunlight and convert it to ATP and NADPH which in turn powers the Calvin cycle. The Calvin cycle then takes carbon dioxide to produce sugars which store energy for the plant.

42. Things that can affect photosynthesis: -Water shortage -Temperature (too high or too low) -Light intensity (too high will reach a maximum rate, and too low will not allow photosynthesis to happen)