1. Photosynthesis Review Chapter 8

2. Plants “look green” because they _____________ green wavelengths of light. absorb reflect reflect Photosynthesis in plants takes place inside which organelle? chloroplasts

3. He carefully measured the seed, water, and soil and concluded that the increase in mass of the plant came from water. __________________ Jan van Helmont Joseph Priestly He knew that a plant in a bell jar would generate “good” air. ________________ http://www.nofretete-page.de/gemischtNeu/TN_plant_grow_w.JPG http://www2.nsta.org/Energy/find/primer/primer2_8.html

4. A _________________ is a molecule (like chlorophyll) that absorbs energy and is used by green plants to absorb sunlight. Name the two types of chlorophyll ________________ & _________________ pigment Chlorophyll a Chlorophyll b

5. Blue-violet and red wavelengths Chlorophyll a Chlorophyll b Absorption of Light by Chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b © Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved. Which wavelengths of light do chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b absorb best?

6. He showed Priestley’s experiment only worked if the plant got light Jan Ingenhousz http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1961/calvin-bio.html http://www2.nsta.org/Energy/find/primer/primer2_8.html

7. Chlorophyll b Chlorophyll a Absorption of Light by Chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b They do not absorb green light. Which wavelength of light does Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b Absorb the least? © Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved.

8. Name the molecule used by living things to store and transfer energy =___________________________ ATP/adenosine triphosphate This scientist further investigated Joseph Priestly’s plant under the bell jar experiment. He determined that light was needed to generate oxygen. Jan Ingenhousz

9. Use words to fill in the overall chemical reaction for photosynthesis. ___________+___________ __________ + __________ Carbon dioxide water Sugars oxygen

10. Land plants get the carbon dioxide needed for photosynthesis from the _____________ Where do water plants like algae get their CO 2 ? atmosphere Name the high energy electron carrier that picks up electrons and H + ions when water is split. NADP + From the water in which they live

11. This organism is a _____________. autotroph heterotroph heterotroph Image from: http://www.entm.purdue.edu/wildlife/chipmunk_pictures.htm

12. Name the 2 sets of reactions that make up photosynthesis: #1 is called ___________________. Light-Dependent Reactions #2 is called ________________. Calvin Cycle (or Light-independent Reactions) #1 #2 Photosynthesis

13. Space surrounding the thylakoids is called the _______________. stroma Stacks of thylakoids are called ________. If you were talking about only one of these you would call it a ______________ The main photosynthetic pigment in green plants = ___________________ grana granum chlorophyll

14. The clusters of proteins in the thylakoid membrane that collect light are called ________________ Where does the Calvin cycle happen? PHOTOSYSTEMS In the stroma

15. TRUE or FALSE The Calvin cycle requires light. FALSE: It is light INDEPENDENT Light-Dependent Reactions break apart ________ and give off _______ gas. wateroxygen

16. This stack of membrane sacs is called a ________________ Which part of photosynthesis happens here? granum Light dependent reactions

17. This space around the grana is called the _____________ Which part of photosynthesis happens here? stroma Calvin cycle

18. An organism that can make its own food like a green plant is called an _______________ autotroph

19. Molecules that interact in a chemical reaction that are written on the left side of a chemical equation are called ________________ An organism that CAN’T make its own food and must get its energy from consuming other organisms reactants heterotroph

20. Molecule made of ribose, adenine, and 3 phosphates used by living things to store and release energy ATP

21. Process by which plants and some other organisms use sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide (CO2) into oxygen (O2) and high energy carbohydrates PHOTOSYNTHESIS

22. Reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high energy sugar molecules Negatively charged particle found circling the nucleus of an atom Calvin cycle electron

23. Cell organelle containing thylakoid stacks where photosynthesis happens chloroplast

24. Movement of molecules from higher concentration to lower concentration until equilibrium is reached diffusion

25. Molecules that are produced during a chemical reaction that are written on the right side of a chemical equation High energy electron carrier which receives electrons and H+ ions when water splits during the light dependent reaction products NADP +

26. Group of membrane proteins that transfers electrons between Photosystem II and I during the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN

27. Label molecules of the light dependent reactions. A = ___________________ B = ___________________ C = ___________________ D = ___________________ Electron Transport Chain PHOTOSYSTEM II PHOTOSYSTEM I ATP Synthase

28. Which ion moves across the membrane to power the ATP synthase enzyme to add a phosphate to ADP? Where do the carbon atoms come from that end up in carbohydrates made by the Calvin cycle? Which gas that we need is given off during photosynthesis? H + (Hydrogen ion) Carbon dioxide oxygen

29. Label reactants and products for photosynthesis: #1 = ___________________ #2 = ___________________ #3 = ___________________ #4 = ___________________ #5 = ___________________ Carbon dioxide WATER OXYGEN SUGAR Light energy

30. Which molecule is broken to provide the H + to make NADPH? H2OH2O

31. Give the chemical symbol for these biologically important atoms & ions: Carbon _____Hydrogen ion ___ Hydrogen ____ Oxygen ____ Nitrogen ____ Phosphorus ____ C H N P O H+H+

32. Name 2 factors that can affect the rate of photosynthesis. What do you think would happen to the rate of photosynthesis on a cloudy day? Temperature, availability of water, and light intensity It would be slower than on a sunny day

33. How many phosphate groups are in a molecule of ADP? Write the equation for changing ADP into ATP. 2 ADP + P → ATP

34. What compounds are formed from carbon dioxide during the Calvin cycle? sugars

35. This organism is a(n) _____________. autotroph or heterotroph autotroph

36. Write the chemical equation for photosynthesis ___________+___________ → __________ + __________ 6 CO 2 6 O 2 6 H 2 OC 6 H 12 O 6

37. Tell which molecule the H in NADPH originally comes from. NADPH Comes from H 2 O when water is split

38. A (individual membrane sac) = _________________ B (space inside the sac) = _____________________ C (stack) = __________________ D (space surrounding the sacs) = ________________ E (space outside the chloroplast) = ________________ Label the parts of this chloroplast Granum (pl. grana) Thylakoid space thylakoid Image from: BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing©2006 stroma cytoplasm

39. Plant cells store their glucose as _______________ Starch Glycogen starch This reaction shows how cells _______________ energy STORE RELEASE RELEASE Image from: BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing©2006 http://bioweb.wku.edu/courses/Biol115/Wyatt/default.htm

40. Label the parts of this molecule A = ______________________ B = ______________________ C = ______________________ Name this molecule used to store and transport energy ATP-adenosine triphosphate adenine Phosphate groups Ribose sugar Image from: BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing©2006

41. STUDY!!!!!!!!!