Dense Connective Can be regular, irregular, or elastic Regular: Primarily parallel collagen fibers, few elastic fibers, major cell type is fibroblast Attaches muscles to bones or to other muscles; attaches bones to bones; withstands great tensile stress when pulling force is applied in one direction Located in tendons, ligaments, aponeuroses Irregular Primarily irregularly arranges collagen fibers, some elastic but mostly fibroblasts Withstands tension exerted in many directions; provides structural strength Located in fibrous capsules of organs and of joints, dermis of skin, submucosa of digestive tract Dense Irregular Dense Regular

(Dense) Elastic Connective Contains a high proportion of elastic fibers Allows tissue to recoil after stretching; maintains pulsatile flow of blood through arteries; aids passive recoil of lungs following inspiration Located in walls of large arteries, withing ligaments associated w/ vertebral column, and within the walls of the bronchial tubes

Cartilage Can be hyaline, elastic, or fibrocartilage Hyaline: Amorphous but firm matrix; collagen fibers form an imperceptible network; chondoblasts produce the matrix and when mature chondrocytes lie in lacunae Supports and reinforces; resilient cushion; resists compressive stress Located in embryonic skeleton, covers ends of long bones in joints, forms costal cartilages in ribs, cartilage in nose, trachea and larynx Elastic: Like hyaline but with more elastic fibers in matrix Maintains the shape of a structure while allowing great flexibility Supports external ear and epiglottis Fibrocartilage: Matrix similar to (less firm) hyaline; many thick collagen fibers predominate Tensile strength allows it to absorb compressive shock Located in intervertebral disks, pubic symphysis, knee joints Hyaline Elastic Fibrocartilage

Bone (Osseous) Cells Can be compact or spongy bone Hard, calcifies matrix containing many collagen fibers; osteocytes lie in lacunae; well-vascularized Supports and protects; provides levers for the muscles to act on; stores calcium, minerals, fat; marrow inside bones is site for blood cell formation (hematopoiesis) Located in bones

Blood (RBCs and WBCs) Red and white blood cells in a fluid matrix of plasma Transports respiratory gases, nutrients, wastes, and other substances Contained in blood vessels

Neural/Nervous Tissue Nervous systems are composed of nerve cells/neurons and glia (support cells). Neurons are organized into information- processing neural networks The nervous system regulates and controls body functions; they respond to stimuli and transmit electrical impulses over substantial distances within the body.

Neuron Neurons are branching cells; cell processes may be quite long extend from the nucleus-containing body Neurons transmit electrical signals from sensory receptors and to effectors which control their activity; support cells support and protect neurons Located in brain, spinal cord, and nerves

Brain Tissue Spinal CordBrain

Reproductive Tissue Organs secrete a variety of hormones, especially active during puberty, which play a vital roles in development and function of the sex organs and other organs in the body. Purpose is to produce fertile offspring.

Spermatogonium Stem cell for sperm Spermatocytes divide by mitosis until puberty, then all daughter cells become spermatogonia.

Developing Follicle The maturation of the follicle is part of the ovarian cycle Process begins in ovaries and ends in ovulation

Web Sites and Texts artilage.htmhttp://biology.clc.uc.edu/fankhauser/Labs/Anatomy_%26_Physiology/A%26P201/Connective_Tissues/C artilage.htm My AP Bio textbook: Principles of Life My Anatomy/Physiology textbook: Human Anatomy & Physiology