1. Connective Tissue
Anatomy

2. Connective Tissue Found EVERYWHERE in the body Most abundant
4 main types:
Connective tissue proper (fat)
Cartilage
Bone tissue
Blood

3. Common Characteristics
Common origin
Arise from mesenchyme (embryonic tissue)
Degrees of vascularity
Cartilage is avascular…etc.
Extracellular matrix
Separates living cells of the tissue (bear weight, withstand tension, endure abuse)

4. Structural Elements Ground substance Unstructured
Serves as glue (allows connective tissue cells to attach themselves to a matrix)
Holds a lot of fluids
Nutrients can diffuse between blood and cells

5. Structural Elements Fibers
Collagen (tough, resist stress, stronger than steel!)
Elastic (stretch  rubberband)
Reticular (support tissues of organs, allow more “give” than collagen)

6. Types of Connective Tissue
Embryonic connective tissue: Mesenchyme
Gel like
Ground substance
Give rise to all connective tissue types
Primarily in embryo

7. Types of Connective Tissue
Loose connective Tissue: Areolar
Gel like
Wraps and cushions organs
Macrophages in here help with inflammation
Holds fluid in
Under epithelial cells

8. Types of Connective Tissue
Loose connective tissue: adipose
Matrix is areolar
Closely packed together
Nucleus pushed to side by fat droplets
Energy: long term
Insulate
Support/protect
Under skin, around kidneys/eyeballs

9. Types of Connective Tissue
Loose connective tissue: reticular
Network of reticular fibers in a loose ground substance
Form a soft skeleton that supports other cells (white blood cells, macrophages)
Lymphoid organs  lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen

10. Types of Connective Tissue
Dense connective tissue: dense regular
Parallel collagen fibers
Attaches muscle to bone
Attaches bone to bone
Withstands stress
Tendons, ligaments

11. Types of Connective Tissue
Dense connective tissue: dense irregular
Irregularly arranged collagen fibers
Withstands great tension, strong, can move in many directions
Skin, digestive tract, joints

12. Types of Connective Tissue
Cartilage: hyaline
Firm
Chondroblasts produce matrix
Mature chondroblasts are chondrocytes
Support/reinforces, cushioning, resist compressive stress
Embryonic skeleton, part of ribs, nose, trachea, larynx

13. Types of Connective Tissue
Cartilage: elastic
More elasticity than hyaline
Maintains shape/structure
Supports external ear

14. Types of Connective Tissue
Cartilage: fibrocartilage
Thick collagen fibers
Absorbs compressive shock
Intervertebral discs, discs of knee joint

15. Types of Connective Tissue
Bone: osseous tissue
Hard, calcified, a lot of collagen, vascular
Support, protect, lever for muscles to act on, stores calcium/minerals, marrow produces blood
Bones

16. Types of Connective Tissue
Blood
Red and white blood cells in a fluid (plasma)
Transport gases, nutrients, wastes
Contained within blood vessels

18. Nervous Tissue Nervous tissue Neurons
Transmit electrical impulses for sensory receptors to effectors
Brain, spinal cord, nerves

20. Muscle Tissue Skeletal muscle
Long, cylindrical , multi-nucleated, striated
Voluntary movement, locomotion, facial expression
Attach to bones or occasionally skin

22. Muscle Tissue Cardiac Muscle
Branching, striated, uninucleated, junctions called interalated discs
As it contracts it propels blood, involuntary
Walls of heart

23. Muscle Tissue Smooth Muscle
Spindle shaped, nuclei is centered, forms sheets
Propels substances along internal passage (urine, baby, food), involuntary
Walls of hollow organs

24. Tissue Repair 1. Inflammation
Tissue DRAMA! Injured cell releases chemicals
Chemicals cause tissue to dilate  more permeable
White blood cells/plasma/antibodies seep into area
Construct a clot

25. Tissue Repair 2. Organization restores blood supply
Clot is replaced by granulation tissue (delicate pink tissue that contains capillaries)
Granulation tissue bleeds easily (pick at a scab)
Produce growth factors
Becomes scar tissue (highly resistant to infection  bacteria inhibiting substances)

26. Tissue Repair Regeneration/fibrosis Epithelium regenerates
Scar may be visible or invisible

28. http://classes. midlandstech. edu/carterp/Courses/bio210/chap04/chap04