1. Tissues: The living fabric
Ch 4 b
Connective Tissue

2. Let’s review Epithelial tissue
First
Let’s review Epithelial tissue

3. What type is this?

4. Simple cuboidal epithelium

5. What type is this?

6. Simple cuboidal epithelium

7. What type is this?

8. Transitional epithelium

9. What type is this?

10. Transitional epithelium

11. What type is this?

12. Pseudostratified epithelium

13. Pseudostratified epithelium
What is this called?

14. Pseudostratified epithelium
What is this called?
Cilia!

15. What type is this?

16. Stratified squamous epithelium

17. What tissue is this?

19. What type is this?

20. Simple columnar epithelial tissue

21. Connective Tissue

22. Connective Tissue
Found throughout the body
Most abundant and most widely distributed

23. Connective Tissue Four Main classes Connective tissue proper
Includes fat and fibrous tissue of ligaments
Cartilage
Bone
Blood

24. Functions of Connective Tissue
Binding and support
Protection
Insulation
Transportation
blood

25. Characteristics of Connective Tissue
Connective tissues have:
Common origin
Arise from Mesenchyme (an embryonic tissue)
Varying degrees of vascularity
From avascular to rich in blood vessels

26. Characteristics of Connective Tissue
Has large amounts of nonliving extracellular matrix, consisting of ground substance and fibers

27. Structural Elements of Connective Tissue
Has 3 main elements:
1. Ground substance – unstructured material that fills the space between cells
2. Fibers – collagen, elastic, or reticular

28. Structural Elements of Connective Tissue
Has 3 main elements:
3. Cells – fibroblasts, chondroblasts, osteoblasts, and hematopoietic stem cells

29. Structural Elements of Connective Tissue
Ground substance and fibers make up the matrix

30. Ground Substance
Functions as a molecular sieve through which nutrients diffuse between blood capillaries and cells
Proteoglycan Structure

31. Ground Substance Composed of: Interstitial (tissue) fluid
Adhesion proteins– serves as the glue
Proteoglycans – (protein core with glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) attached
Traps water

32. Fibers – 3 types Collagen – Strongest, most abundant;
tough and provides high tensile strength
(stronger than steel fibers the same size)
Glistening white appearance – called white fibers

33. Fibers Elastic – long, thin fibers form branching network
allows for stretch
Contains rubber-like protein called elastin
Appear yellow so sometimes called yellow fibers

34. Fibers Reticular – branched collagenous fibers form delicate networks
Abundant where connective tissue abuts other tissue types
Basement membrane of epithelial
Form nets around capillaries

35. Cells Immature and Mature forms
Actively mitotic immature cells that secrete ground substance and fibers in their particular matrix

36. Cells Immature and Mature forms
Fibroblasts – connective tissue proper
Chondroblasts – cartilage
Osteoblasts – bone
Hematopoietic stem cells – blood

37. Cells
Once matrix is synthesized, the blast cells mature into less active cells (indicated by the suffix –cyte)
Hematopoietic stem cells are always actively mitotic
Other cell types in connective tissue include White blood cells, plasma cells, macrophages, and mast cells

38. Types of Connective Tissue

39. Connective Tissue: Embryonic
Mesenchyme – embryonic connective tissue
Gel-like ground substance with fibers and star-shaped mesenchymal cells
Gives rise to all other connective tissues
Found in the embryo

40. Connective Tissue: Embryonic
Figure 4.8a

41. Connective Tissue Proper
2 subclasses
Loose connective tissue
Areolar, adipose, and reticular
Dense connective tissue
Dense regular, dense irregular, and elastic

42. Connective Tissue Proper: Loose
Areolar connective tissue
Gel-like matrix with all three connective tissue fibers
Fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, and some white blood cells
Wraps and cushions organs
Widely distributed throughout the body

43. Areolar Connective Tissue
Figure 4.8b

44. Connective Tissue Proper: Loose
Adipose connective tissue
Matrix similar to areolar connective tissue with closely packed adipocytes (fat cells)
Reserves food stores, insulates against heat loss, and supports and protects

45. Connective Tissue Proper: Loose
Adipose connective tissue
Found under skin, around kidneys, within abdomen, and in breasts
Local fat deposits serve nutrient needs of highly active organs

46. Connective Tissue Proper: Loose
Adipose connective tissue
Abundant –
average person 18% of body weight is adipose
Chubby person body can be 50% adipose tissue

47. Adipose
Figure 4.8c

48. Connective Tissue Proper: Loose
Reticular connective tissue
Loose ground substance with reticular fibers
Reticular cells that lie in a fiber network
Forms a soft internal skeleton, or stroma, that supports other cell types

49. Connective Tissue Proper: Loose
Reticular connective tissue
Found in lymph nodes, bone marrow, and the spleen

50. Reticular Connective Tissue
Figure 4.8d

51. Connective Tissue Proper: Dense Regular
Parallel collagen fibers with a few elastic fibers
Major cell type is fibroblasts
Attaches muscles to bone or to other muscles, and bone to bone
Found in tendons, ligaments, and aponeuroses

52. Dense Regular Connective tissue
Figure 4.8e

53. Connective Tissue Proper: Dense Irregular
Irregularly arranged collagen fibers with some elastic fibers
Major cell type is fibroblasts
Withstands tension in many directions providing structural strength

54. Connective Tissue Proper: Dense Irregular
Found in the dermis, submucosa of the digestive tract, and fibrous organ capsules

55. Dense Irregular
Figure 4.8f

56. Cartilage Stands up to tension and compression Tough but flexible
Lacks nerve fibers
Avascular
Cartilage matrix is up to 80% water
Heals very slowly

57. Cartilage
3 types –
hyaline
elastic
fibrocartilage

58. Connective Tissue: Hyaline Cartilage
Most abundant
Glassy blue white appearance
Supports, reinforces, cushions, and resists compression
Forms the costal cartilage
Found in embryonic skeleton, the end of long bones, nose, trachea, and larynx

59. Connective Tissue: Hyaline Cartilage
Figure 4.8g

60. Connective Tissue: Elastic Cartilage
Similar to hyaline cartilage but with more elastic fibers
Maintains shape and structure while allowing flexibility
Supports external ear (pinna) and the epiglottis

61. Connective Tissue: Elastic Cartilage
Similar to hyaline cartilage but with more elastic fibers
Maintains shape and structure while allowing flexibility
Supports external ear (pinna) and the epiglottis
Figure 4.8h

62. Connective Tissue: Fibrocartilage Cartilage
Matrix similar to hyaline cartilage but less firm with thick collagen fibers
Provides tensile strength and absorbs compression shock
Found in intervertebral discs, the pubic symphysis, and in discs of the knee joint

63. Fibrocartilage Cartilage
Matrix similar to hyaline cartilage but less firm with thick collagen fibers
Provides tensile strength and absorbs compression shock
Found in intervertebral discs, the pubic symphysis, and in discs of the knee joint
Figure 4.8i

64. Connective Tissue: Bone (Osseous Tissue)
Hard, calcified matrix with collagen fibers found in bone
Osteocytes are found in lacunae and are well vascularized
Supports, protects, and provides levers for muscular action

65. Connective Tissue: Bone (Osseous Tissue)
Stores calcium, minerals, and fat
Marrow inside bones is the site of hematopoiesis (blood formation)

66. Bone (Osseous Tissue)
Figure 4.8j

67. Connective Tissue: Blood
Red and white cells in a fluid matrix (plasma)
Contained within blood vessels
Functions in the transport of respiratory gases, nutrients, and wastes

68. Connective Tissue: Blood
Figure 4.8k

69. What kind is this?

70. Areolar Connective Tissue

71. What kind is this?

72. Areolar

73. What kind is this?

74. Reticular Connective tissue

75. What kind is this?

76. Reticular connective tissue

77. What kind is this?

78. Reticular connective tissue

79. What kind is this?

80. Bone or Osseous tissue

81. What kind is this?

82. Bone (osseous) tissue

83. What kind is this?

84. Elastic Cartilage

85. What kind is this?

86. Fibrocartilage

87. What kind is this?

88. Hyaline Cartilage

89. What kind is this?

90. Adipose (fat)

91. What kind is this?

92. Adipose (fat)

93. What kind is this?

94. Adipose (fat)

95. What kind is this?
                                             
blood

96. Blood
                                             
blood

97. What kind is this?

98. Blood

99. What kind is this?

100. Blood

101. What kind is this?

102. Dense Regular connective

103. What kind is this?

104. Dense Regular connective

105. What kind is this?

106. Dense Irregular connective

107. I will be checking study guides pages 8-16
Quiz – Next time!
I will be checking study guides pages 8-16