1 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 10 Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

2 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. OBJECTIVES Identify the organs and other structures of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems Define and spell the word parts Build and analyze medical terms using word parts Define, pronounce, and spell the disease and disorder, diagnostic, surgical, and complementary terms for the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems Interpret the meanings of abbreviations Read medical documents and interpret medical terminology contained in them

3 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Function of the Cardiovascular System Nourishes the body by transporting nutrients and oxygen to the cells and removing carbon dioxide and other waste products

4 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Interior of the Heart

5 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Microcirculation

6 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Cardiovascular System heart: muscular organ the size of a closed fist, located behind the breast bone and between the lungs. The pumping action, circulates blood throughout the body upper chambers: right and left atrium lower chambers: right and left ventricle cardiac septum: separates right and left sides of heart

7 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Cardiovascular System (cont’d) tricuspid valve: located between right atrium and right ventricle bicuspid valve (mitral valve): located between the left atrium and left ventricle pericardium: outer layer of heart myocardium: middle, thick, muscular layer endocardium: inner lining of the heart

8 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Cardiovascular System (cont’d) blood vessels: tubelike structures that carry blood throughout the body arteries: carry blood containing oxygen & other nutrients away from the heart to the body cells except for the pulmonary artery, which carries carbon dioxide and other waste products to the lungs arterioles: smallest arteries aorta: largest artery in the body

9 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Cardiovascular System (cont’d) veins: carry blood containing carbon dioxide and other waste products back to the heart except for the pulmonary vein, which carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart venules: smallest veins in the body venae cavae: largest veins in the body capillaries: connect arterioles with venules; exchange of gases takes place in capillaries

10 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Cardiovascular System (cont’d) blood plasma: liquid portion of blood in which cells float cells erythrocytes: red blood cells that carry oxygen leukocytes: white blood cells that fight infection platelets (thrombocytes): for coagulation

11 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Function of the Lymphatic System Removal of excessive tissue fluid, which develops from increased metabolic activity. (Lymphatics, or lymph vessels, are found throughout most of the body.)

12 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Lymphatic System

13 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Lymphatic System lymph: transparent, usually colorless, tissue fluid lymph nodes: small, spherical bodies made up of lymphoid tissue; act as filters in keeping substances such as bacteria from the blood

14 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Lymphatic System (cont’d) spleen: located in the left side of the abdominal cavity between the stomach and the diaphragm; largest lymphatic organ in the body thymus gland: located anterior to the ascending aorta and posterior to the sternum between the lungs; plays an important role in the development of the body’s immune system

15 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Combining Forms for Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems angio/o aort/o arteri/o atri/o cardi/o lymph/o phleb/o plasm/o

16 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Combining Forms for Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems (cont’d) splen/o thym/o valv/o, valvul/o ven/o ventricul/o

17 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Combining Forms Used with Cardio- vascular and Lymphatic Systems ather/o ech/o electr/o isch/o therm/o thromb/o

18 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Prefixes brady- tachy-

19 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Similar Suffixes Used in Diagnostic Terms SuffixMeaningChapter -gramRecord, x-ray image 5 -graphInstrument used to record 10 -graphyProcess of recording, x- ray imaging 5

20 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Suffixes -ac -apheresis -crit -graph -odynia -penia -poiesis -sclerosis

21 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Disease and Disorder Terms Built from Word Parts Heart and Blood Vessels angiocarditis angioma angiostenosis aortic stenosis arterioscletosis atherosclerosis bradycardia cardiodynia

22 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Aortic Stenosis

23 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

24 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Disease and Disorder Terms Built from Word Parts (cont’d) Heart and Blood Vessels cardiomegal cardiomyopathy endocarditis ischemia myocarditis pericarditis tachycardia thrombophlebitis

25 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Disease and Disorder Terms Built from Word Parts (cont’d) Blood and Lymphatic Systems hematocytopenia hematoma lymphadenitis pancytopenia splenomegaly thrombosis thrombus thymoma

26 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Disease and Disorder Terms Not Built from Word Parts acute coronary syndrome anemia aneurysm angina pectoris cardiac arrest coarctation of the aorta congestive heart failure (CHF) coronary occlusion

27 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Aneurysm

28 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Coarctation of the Aorta

29 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Disease and Disorder Terms Not Built from Word Parts (cont’d) deep vein thrombosis (DVT) dysrhythmia embolus fibrillation hemophilia hemorrhoid Hodgkin disease hypertensive heart disease (HHD)

30 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Disease and Disorder Terms Not Built from Word Parts (cont’d) leukemia mitral valve stenosis myocardial infarction (MI) peripheral arterial disease (PAD) rheumatic fever sickle cell anemia varicose veins

31 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts angioplasty angiorrhaphy atherectomy endarterectomy pericardiocentesis phlebotomy splenopexy thymectomy

32 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. (within) / (artery) / (excision)

33 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Surgical Terms Not Built from Word Parts aneurysmectomy bone marrow transplant cardiac pacemaker coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) coronary stent defibrillation femoropopliteal bypass hemorrhoidectomy

34 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Coronary Artery Bypass Graft

35 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Coronary Stent A, Stent at site of plaque formation. B, Inflated balloon and expanded stent. C, Implanted stent.

36 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Placement of Defibrillator Paddles

37 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Surgical Terms Not Built from Word Parts (cont’d) implantable cardiac defibrillator laser angioplasty

38 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Implantable Cardiac Defibrillator

39 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Diagnostic Terms Built from Word Parts Heart and Blood Vessels Diagnostic imaging angiography angioscopy aortogram arteriogram venography

40 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Diagnostic Terms Built from Word Parts (cont’d) Heart and Blood Vessels Cardiovascular diagnostic procedures echocardiogram (ECHO) electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG)

41 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. (electric activity) / cv / (heart) / cv / (record)

42 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Diagnostic Terms Built from Word Parts Blood and Lymphatic Systems Laboratory erythrocyte count (RBC) hematocrit (HCT) leukocyte count (WBC) Diagnostic imaging lymphangiography

43 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Diagnostic Terms Not Built from Word Parts (cont’d) Heart and Blood Vessels Diagnostic imaging digital subtraction angiography (DSA) Doppler ultrasound exercise stress test thallium test transesophageal echocardiogram

44 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Diagnostic Terms Not Built from Word Parts (cont’d) Heart and Blood Vessels Other diagnostic terms sphygmomanometer stethoscope

45 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Sphygmomanometer

46 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Diagnostic Terms Not Built from Word Parts (cont’d) Blood and Lymphatic System Laboratory complete blood count (CBC) coagulation time hemoglobin (Hgb) prothrombin time (PT)

47 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Diagnostic Terms Not Built from Word Parts (cont’d) Other bone marrow biopsy cardiac catheterization impedance plethysmography

48 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Bone Marrow for Biopsy

49 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Cardiac Catheterization

50 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Complementary Terms Built from Word Parts atrioventricular (AV) cardiac cardiogenic cardiology hematologist hematopoiesis hemolysis hemostasis

51 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Complementary Terms Built from Word Parts (cont’d) hypothermia intravenous tachypnea thrombolysis

52 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Diagnostic Terms Not Built from Word Parts (cont’d) Heart and Blood Vessels cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) distole heart murmur hypertension hypotension percussion systole

53 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Diagnostic Terms Not Built from Word Parts (cont’d) Blood and Lymphatic Systems anticoagulant hemorrhage plasma serum

54 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Abbreviations ACS AV BP CABG CAD CBC CCU CHF CPR DSA DVT ECG, EKG ECHO HCT

55 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Abbreviations (cont’d) Hgb HHD IV MI PAD PT RBC SPECT TEE WBC