1. Cardiovascular System
Chapter 7

2. Overview: what we will cover
Combining forms of terms
Anatomy & physiology of the heart
Anatomy & physiology of the vascular system
Coronary Artery Disease
Blood Pressure
Blood Pressure Medications
Electrical Conduction of the heart
Types of Aneurysms
Additional terms to know

3. Combining Forms for the Cardiovascular System
angi/o vessel angiogram vas/o vasospasm vascul/o vascular aort/o aorta aortic

4. Combining Forms for the Cardiovascular System
arteri/o artery arteriosclerosis ather/o fatty (lipid) atheroma paste atri/o atrium atrioventricular ventricul/o ventricle ventricular (belly or pouch)

5. Combining Forms for the Cardiovascular System
cardi/o heart cardiology coron/o circle/crown coronary my/o muscle myocardial

6. Combining Forms for the Cardiovascular System
pector/o chest pectoral steth/o stethoscope sphygm/o pulse sphygmomanometer thromb/o clot thrombocyte

7. Combining Forms for the Cardiovascular System
ven/o vein venous phleb/o phlebitis varic/o swollen/ varicosis twisted vein

8. Cardiovascular System Overview
Consists of the heart and blood vessels
The heart pumps blood throughout the body
Blood vessels transport blood throughout the body

9. Structure of the Heart Four Chambers Right atrium (upper chamber)
Left atrium (upper chamber)
Right ventricle (lower chamber)
Left ventricle (lower chamber)

10. Structure of the Heart
(continued)
Valves — Open and close with the heartbeat to maintain one-way flow of blood through the heart
tricuspid valve — located between right atrium and right ventricle
mitral (bicuspid) valve — located between left atrium and left ventricle
pulmonary semilunar valve — opening from right ventricle to pulmonary artery
aortic valve — located between left ventricle and aorta

11. Layers of the Heart endocardium myocardium epicardium
membrane that lines the interior cavities of the heart
myocardium
Thick, muscular layer
epicardium
Outer membrane
Pericardium is the loose, protective sac that surrounds and encloses the heart

12. Structures of the Heart

13. Blood Vessels “oxygenated” “un-oxygenated” Cappillaries Aorta Venules
Tiniest of vessels that join the arteries & veins
Venules
Small vessels that gather blood from the capillaries into the veins
Veins
Carry blood from the veins to the heart.
Aorta
Large artery branching from the ventricle
Arteries
Vessels that carry blood from the heart to…
Arterioles
Small vessels receive blood from arteries

14. Exception to the rule
The pulmonary artery carries “un-oxygenated” blood to the lungs from the right ventricle
Oxygenated blood returns to the heart via the pulmonary veins into the left atrium

15. Coronary Artery Disease

16. Coronary Arteries & Angiogram /c stent

17. Blood Pressure & The Heart
*The heart is a pump
Force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of the arteries, veins and heart chambers
Determined by the volume (think of hemorrhagic pt or dissecting aneurysm) of blood, the space within the arteries and arterioles, and the force of the heart contractions

18. Blood Pressure Terms Systole (aka systolic) Diastole (aka diastolic)
period in the cardiac cycle when the heart is in contraction and blood is ejected through the aorta and pulmonary artery
Diastole (aka diastolic)
period in the cardiac cycle when blood enters the relaxed ventricles from the atria
normotension
normal blood pressure (110/70)

19. Blood Pressure Medications
ACE inhibitors
End in …pril
Beta Blockers
End in ...olol
Calcium Channel Blockers
End in …ipine
Except diltiazem & verapamil
Diuretics
End in …ide
Except spironolactone, aldactone, & chlorthalidone

20. Electrical Conduction of the Heart
SA (sinoatrial node)
Pacemaker of the heart
AV (atrioventricular node)
Bundle of His
Purkinje fibers

21. Types of Aneurysms

22. Additional Terms to Know…
Hypo /hypertension
Arteriosclerosis
Atherosclerosis
Thrombus vs embolus
Stenosis, constriction, occlusion, ischemia
Infarct
Angina pectoris
Claudication
Vegitation
Palpitation
Not to be confused with palpate

23. Additional Terms to Know…
Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia
Fibrillation
Heart block
Cardiomyopathy
Congenital anomaly of the heart
ASD (atrial septal defect)
CHF
CAD
HTN MI
DVT
Myocarditis, pericarditis, & phlebitis

24. Additional Terms to Know…
Auscultation
ECG or EKG
ICD
Cardioversion
Pacemaker
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