© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Chapter 12 Blood

© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Blood Average adult body has 8–10 pints of blood Function of the blood –Transport –Regulation –Protection

© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Blood Composition Plasma Erythrocytes or red blood cells Leukocytes or white blood cells Thrombocytes or platelets

© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Blood Plasma (1 of 2) Straw-colored Constitutes about 55% of blood volume Water –92% of the total volume of plasma Plasma proteins –Fibrinogen –Albumin –Globulin

© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Blood Plasma (2 of 2) Nutrients Electrolytes Hormones, vitamins, and enzymes Metabolic waste products

© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Red Blood Cells (RBCs) Hematopoiesis is the formation of all blood cells Occurs in the red bone marrow Certain lymphatic tissue produces some white blood cells Develop from stem cells

© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Erythropoiesis The manufacture of red blood cells (RBCs) RBCs live about 120 days Rate is influenced by erythropoietin Process of development and breakdown Normal ranges

© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Hemoglobin Red pigment contained in RBC’s Made of a protein molecule called globin and an iron compound called heme Function of RBCs –Oxyhemoglobin –Carboxyhemoglobin Normal ranges Hemolysis

© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. White Blood Cells (WBCs) Called leukocytes Natural defense against injury and disease Types of leukocytes –Granulocytes –Agranulocytes –Monocytes Diapedesis Normal ranges

© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Types of WBCs – Granulocytes Made from cells called myeloblasts Cytoplasm contains granules, which stain with Wright’s stain Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils

© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Types of WBCs – Agranulocytes Lymphocytes –B-lymphocytes –T-lymphocytes Monocytes

© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Inflammation Occurs when living tissue is damaged in any way Signs and symptoms –Redness –Local heat –Swelling –Pain The inflammatory process

© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Thrombocytes (blood platelets) Function in the initiation of the blood-clotting process Fragments of a megakaryocyte’s cytoplasm Normal ranges Blood-clotting or coagulation process is complex

© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Coagulation Injured tissue or blood vessels causes a release of thromboplastin Prothrombin converts to thrombin Fibrinogen converts to fibrin Clot Clotting time normal range

© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Blood Types Types –A, B, AB, O Antigens and antibodies Agglutination Rh Factor Universal donor (O Rh-) Universal recipient (AB Rh+)

© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Blood Testing (1 of 2) Bleeding time Coagulation time Hemoglobin count Platelet count Prothrombin time

© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Blood Testing (2 of 2) Sedimentation rate Red blood cell count White blood cell count Hematocrit Cholesterol level

© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Disorders of the Blood (1 of 3) Anemia Iron-deficiency anemia Pernicious anemia Aplastic anemia Sickle cell anemia

© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Disorders of the Blood (2 of 3) Cooley’s anemia Polycythemia Embolism Thrombosis Hematoma

© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Disorders of the Blood (3 of 3) Hemophilia Thrombocytopenia Leukemia Multiple myeloma Septicemia

© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Bone Marrow Transplants (1 of 2) Autologous bone marrow transplant –The donor is the patient Allogenic bone marrow transplant –Identical twin –Parent –Unrelated –Umbilical cord

© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Bone Marrow Transplants (2 of 2) Bone marrow transplant procedure Engraftment