1. Blood Composition and Function Chapter 16

2. The Blood Outline Where are blood cells made?
What is the composition of blood?
Function of different types of blood cells
Disorders of the blood
Blood types and Rh factor
Pregnancy and blood types

3. Where is blood made and what is blood?

4. Bone marrow

5. What is blood made of? plasma Water (92%) & Proteins Albumins
Globulins
fibrinogen
plasma
Blood cells

6. Hematocrit
Females: 38-48%
Males: 42-52%

7. Types of blood cells and fragments
Leukocytes
Thrombocytes
Erythrocytes
White Blood Cells
Platelets are cell fragments
Red Blood Cells

8. I. Leukocytes

9. The histologic appearance of various leukoctyes
Dendritic
Basophils
Neutrophil
Eosinophil
Monocytes
Lymphocyte
rare
50-70%
1-3%
1-6%
20-35% ??
The histologic appearance of various leukoctyes
WBC’s “lifespan” 6-24 hours.

10. The phagocytic cells
Neutrophils
Monocytes
Macrophages

11. More pictures of leukocytes

12. Pathology of WBC Leukemia=cancer of white blood cell
75% childhood leukemias

13. Epstein-Barr Virus
Infectious Virus affects “B-lymphocytes”

14. II. Platelets
Platelets are not true cells
Lifespan of about 10 days

15. An “inactive platelet”
“An activated platelet”

16. Blood Clotting

17. Blood Clotting Thromboplastin Prothrombin Thrombin Fibrinogen Fibrin
Platelets
Injured blood vessel
Inactive form
Active form
Inactive
Active
Trapped in fibrin

19. The clot can also disappear…
Plasminogen
Tissue Plasminogen Activator
Plasmin
Dissolves clot

20. III. Erythrocytes most numerous cell of the body!

21. Inside the red blood cell!
Iron
CARRIES O2 and CO2

22. Anemia:
What is it?
Decreased ability to carry oxygen

23. Some Causes of Anemia Iron deficiency
Hemorrhage: uncontrolled bleeding
Hemophila
Reduced hemoglobin
Low erythropoietin
Sickle Cell Anemia

24. Sickle Cell Anemia

25. Hemophilia Inherited Disease Blood Clotting Disorder
Affects males more than females

27. Blood Types & Membrane Glycoproteins

28. First! You need a basic idea of “antibodies and antigens” as it relates to blood types for this section.

29. The binding of antibodies to antigens leads to agglutination or blood clotting.

31. Mismatched Blood Types: Basis of agglutination

32. Are there other glycoproteins on the surface of RBC’s?

33. Yes! The Rh Factor
Rh stands for Rhesus (monkeys)

34. Rh factor
A person can be Rh negative Or
A person can be Rh positive

35. Importance of Rh factor
Rh antigen may pose a problem with pregnancy
Why?

36. Rh factor and Pregnancy
Mother
Child 1
Agglutination
Of child’s 1 blood
Child 2
Of child’s 2 blood
Rh+ No
Rh-
Yes

37. Ch. 7
The End

38. Simulated Blood Typing Lab

39. The mixing step: Blood + Antiserum
Plastic “Dish”
Drop of Blood +
Anti-A +
Anti-B +
Anti-D

40. Mix the single drop of blood with anti-serum
(use a toothpick for mixing)
Anti-A
Anti-B
Anti-D

41. Examples of results:

42. Type A, Rh negative
Type A
Anti-A
Anti-B
Anti-D

43. Type B, Rh positive
Anti-A
Anti-B
Anti-D

44. Type AB, Rh negative
Anti-A
Anti-B
Anti-D

45. Type O, Rh positive
Anti-A
Anti-B
Anti-D