Potential Impacts on Biodiversity and Livelihoods Win Maung Chairman Myanmar Environment Institute (MEI)

To protect ecosystem services, biodiversity conservation is essential

-(supporting services—e.g. nutrient cycling, soil formation, primary production; provisioning services—e.g. food, freshwater, timber and fiber, fuel; regulating services—e.g. climate regulation, flood regulation, disease regulation, water purification; cultural services—e.g. aesthetic, spiritual, educational, recreational; MEA 2005).

Biodiversity—the variety of life in all its forms, including genetic, species and ecosystem diversity—and its ability to change and evolve include ecosystems and habitats, species and communities, and genes and genomes which have social, economic, cultural and scientific importance.

Habitat (Terrestrial and Aquatic) -Habitat destruction - major threat to the maintenance of biodiversity. -Natural habitats modified habitats ; such as agricultural areas). -occur endemic and threatened species

Critical Habitat -Critical habitat - with high biodiversity value; - Threatened species ; -special significance for endemic or restricted-range species; -areas which provide key ecosystem services;

Legally protected Areas Unique are to protect conservation important species, key ecosystem, natural resources

Environmental Impacts Example 1-- Mining · Water use and quality · Wastes · Hazardous materials · Land use and biodiversity · Air quality · Noise and vibrations · Energy Use · Visual Impacts

Impacts on Land Use and Biodiversity Habitat alteration –greatest potential for temporary or permanent alteration of terrestrial and aquatic habitats

-the development of access routes, transportation corridors, and temporary camps, the process plant, tailings facility, waste and stockpile areas,

Terrestrial Habitats -Temporary and permanent terrestrial habitat alteration -Clearance -topsoil is stripped

Aquatic Habitats Aquatic habitats may be altered through changes in surface water and groundwater regimes, and resulting increased pressures on fish and wildlife communities.

Earth-moving operations may mobilize sediment which can enter watercourses,erosion, mass wasting and degradation of the channel or lake bed

Example 2 Ports, Harbors, and Terminals · Dredged materials management · Air emissions · General waste reception · Wastewater · Solid waste management · Hazardous materials and oil management · Noise · Biodiversity

Impacts on Biodiversity Construction and maintenance dredging, disposal of dredge spoil, construction of piers, wharves, breakwaters, and other water-side structures, and erosion may lead to short and long-term impacts on aquatic and shoreline habitats.

Direct impacts may include the physical removal or covering of sea floor, shore, or land-side habitat, in addition to changes to water flow patterns and related sedimentation rates and patterns

Potential impacts to shoreline vegetation, wetlands, coral reefs, fisheries, bird life, and other sensitive aquatic and near-shore habitat

Cement and Lime Manufacturing Thermal Power Plants Crude Oil and Petroleum Product Terminals Offshore Oil and Gas Development Petroleum Refining Phosphate Fertilizer Manufacturing Railways Airport Hydropower Factories

Livelihoods Community and Resource Use provisioning services—e.g. food, freshwater, soil, timber and fiber, fuel, medicinal plants, domestic animal feed Negative/Adverse Impacts by the project on provisioning services will cause negative impacts on the livelihoods of the locals

Positive Impacts Infrastructure—Roads, Transportation Job Opportunity CSR Programme

Environmental Issues/Impacts 1.Physical Environment 2.Biological Environment/ Biodiversity 3.Social Environment Sustainability Responsible Business