Learning Intention: Understand how the oceans affect our world Success Criteria: 1.I can … describe how various factors influence ocean properties 2.I can … explain how marine life both alters and is affected by the properties of the ocean 3.I can … propose an explanation for why plankton can be considered the foundation of life in the ocean

Ch. 21 Ocean Water

21.1 Properties of Ocean Water Chemical Properties: determine composition and ability to dissolve other substances Physical Properties: used to describe the ocean – Temperature – Density – Color

Composition of Ocean Water 96.5% pure H 2 O 3.5% dissolved chemicals – What is the most abundant chemical in ocean water?

Composition of Ocean Water Dissolved Gasses – Nitrogen Gas (N 2 ) – Oxygen Gas (O 2 ) – Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) Temperature affects the ability of gasses to dissolve in water. – Gasses dissolve more readily in colder waters

Salinity of Ocean Water Salt (NaCl) makes up 78% of the dissolved solids in the ocean.

Salinity The amount of dissolved solids present in water. Number of grams of dissolved solids in one kilogram of ocean water. Example: 20 g salt in 1 kg of water (1000 g) 20 parts/thousand 20 ‰

Journal: Propose an explain for the increased salinities of the oceans and seas shown in red?

What processes affect ocean salinity? Evaporation Freezing – Both remove pure water leaving the salt behind, thus increasing the percent of salt!!!!

Journal : What information can you infer from the diagram?

Temperature of Ocean Water The sun emits infrared wavelengths of light that warm the upper zone of ocean water.

Density of Ocean Water Density:

Density of Ocean Water Density: mass of a substance per unit volume Density = mass volume

Density of Ocean Water Density: mass of a substance per unit volume Density = mass volume What affects Density in Ocean Water? 1.Dissolved substances – Salt (add mass) 2.Temperature – Cold water: more dense – Warm water: less dense

Lab Floating in Water Temperature and Salinity are two factors that influence density of ocean water. In this lab, we will examine how they affect density by observing an objects buoyancy. Which Success Criteria are we addressing through this activity? 1.I can … describe how various factors influence ocean properties 2.I can … explain how marine life both alters and is affected by the properties of the ocean 3.I can … propose an explanation for why plankton can be considered the foundation of life in the ocean

21.2 Life in the Oceans Nearly all life in the oceans is dependent and regulated by the life processes of photosynthetic organisms – Plants and photosynthetic organisms are the first level in the ocean food chain

Consumption of the elements necessary to marine life takes place at the surface Release of these nutrients takes place at great depths – Deep water is full of nutrients.

How are deep water nutrients returned to the surface water???? Upwelling

In your own words, Why is upwelling important???

Marine Life Plankton: microscopic free floating organisms – Phytoplankton – Zooplankton Nekton: larger forms of ocean life that swim Benthos: Organisms that live on the ocean floor.

Ocean Environments Two General Environments: 1.Benthic: Sea Floor 2.Pelagic: Open Ocean

Benthic Zones

Pelagic Zones

21.3 Ocean Resources Food Fresh Water – Desalination Plants Minerals – Nodules are a valuable source of manganese – Salt

Ocean Water Pollution Garbage Sewage Nuclear Waste Results in: – Death of sea animals – Disturbance in the ecological food web – Accumulation of toxic and carcinogenic substances in higher level predators

The End!!!