2. Properties of Ocean Water Can you see what the sea’s about?

3. The Ocean About 68% of the Earth is covered in ocean water. About 68% of the Earth is covered in ocean water. The average depth of all oceans is about 2.3 miles. The average depth of all oceans is about 2.3 miles. There are four oceans There are four oceans The largest one is the Pacific Ocean The largest one is the Pacific Ocean Ocean waster has both chemical and physical properties Ocean waster has both chemical and physical properties

4. Color Most sunlight that reaches Earth falls on the ocean Most sunlight that reaches Earth falls on the ocean Color is determined by the way the ocean ABSORBS or REFLECTS sunlight. Color is determined by the way the ocean ABSORBS or REFLECTS sunlight.

5. Why blue? The color of the ocean is normally blue because the ocean reflects the color of the DAYTIME sky. The color of the ocean is normally blue because the ocean reflects the color of the DAYTIME sky. BUT phytoplankton or other microscopic creatures or plants alter the color of the ocean. BUT phytoplankton or other microscopic creatures or plants alter the color of the ocean.

6. Chlorophyll Chlorophyll, which phytoplankton contain, makes ocean surfaces look green. Chlorophyll, which phytoplankton contain, makes ocean surfaces look green. Plankton Bloom is a large amount of plankton concentrated in one area Plankton Bloom is a large amount of plankton concentrated in one area

7. Temperature Ocean water absorbs and reflects sunlight. Ocean water absorbs and reflects sunlight. By absorbing sunlight, the sunlight heats the water. By absorbing sunlight, the sunlight heats the water. Upper zone of ocean water absorbs sunlight completely. Upper zone of ocean water absorbs sunlight completely. Water movement mixes WARM surface water with COLD deep water. Water movement mixes WARM surface water with COLD deep water.

8. Thermocline Zone of rapid temperature DROP below the ocean surface. Zone of rapid temperature DROP below the ocean surface. Separates WARM surface water with COLD deep water. Separates WARM surface water with COLD deep water.

9. How It Works The deeper you go the colder it gets. The deeper you go the colder it gets. Lack of sunlight reduces heat and light in low depths. Lack of sunlight reduces heat and light in low depths.

10. Salinity All water has dissolved gases, liquids, or solids in it. All water has dissolved gases, liquids, or solids in it. Salinity is the number of grams of dissolved salt in 1kg of ocean water. Salinity is the number of grams of dissolved salt in 1kg of ocean water. I.E. How much salt is dissolved in certain amount of water. I.E. How much salt is dissolved in certain amount of water. Measured in parts per thousand Measured in parts per thousand 5g in 1kg = 5% o. 5g in 1kg = 5% o.

11. Why Salinity Occurs? and gases or solids that enter ocean water. Salinity depends on TEMPERATURE and gases or solids that enter ocean water. EVAPORATION FREEZING both increase salinity. EVAPORATION & FREEZING both increase salinity. EVAPORATION FREEZING EVAPORATION & FREEZING only removes water molecules, leaving salt molecules behind.

12. How Salt Gets There? Rivers, streams, and groundwater carry water and dissolved minerals or salts from the rocks they have washed over into the ocean Rivers, streams, and groundwater carry water and dissolved minerals or salts from the rocks they have washed over into the ocean

13. Elements in Ocean Water Salinity is greatly affected the amount of gases and solids that enter ocean water Salinity is greatly affected the amount of gases and solids that enter ocean water Most abundant elements dissolved in ocean water are… Most abundant elements dissolved in ocean water are… Element Percent of Ocean Water by Mass Chlorine (CI) 1.94% Sodium (Na) 1.08% Magnesium (Mg) 0.13% Sulfur (S) 0.09% Calcium (Ca) 0.04% Potassium (K) 0.04%

14. Dissolved Gases Gases dissolve better in cold water Gases dissolve better in cold water The colder the body of water, the more gases dissolved in the ocean The colder the body of water, the more gases dissolved in the ocean The warmer the body of water, the more gases that will return to the atmosphere The warmer the body of water, the more gases that will return to the atmosphere Three principal gases dissolved in the ocean are Three principal gases dissolved in the ocean are 1. Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) 2. Nitrogen (N 2 ) 3. Oxygen (O 2 ) Carbon Dioxide is the easiest to dissolve in ocean water Carbon Dioxide is the easiest to dissolve in ocean water Oxygen mainly dissolves at the water surface Oxygen mainly dissolves at the water surface

15. Quick Notes Color is determined by how the earth absorbs or reflects sunlight. Color is determined by how the earth absorbs or reflects sunlight. Thermocline is a zone of rapid temperature change in the ocean Thermocline is a zone of rapid temperature change in the ocean Salinity is the number of grams of dissolved salt in 1kg of ocean water. (measured in parts per thousand) Salinity is the number of grams of dissolved salt in 1kg of ocean water. (measured in parts per thousand) Gases dissolve better in cold water. Gases dissolve better in cold water.

16. Don’t Let it Change