1. OCEANS
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2. Ocean Water is not pure! Two main dissolved gases = N2 and O2.
CO2 (in large amounts)
Other atmospheric gases (in small amounts)

3. Gases enter the ocean from…
the atmosphere (most O2 enters this way)
underwater volcanoes
marine organisms
streams and rivers

4. Temperature and Dissolved Gases
Gases dissolve more readily in COLD water.
Water at the surface of the ocean in COLD regions dissolve larger amounts of gases than water in WARM tropical regions.
Gases can return to atmosphere from ocean (evaporation).

5. Carbon Sink Ocean = 60X as much Carbon as atmosphere
CO2 trapped in ocean for years and years
Ocean is a carbon sink….b/c ability to dissolve and contain a lot of CO2
CO2 traps thermal energy, so ocean is important in climate regulation

6. Dissolved Solids
Ocean water = 96.5% pure water and 3.5% dissolved solids called sea salts
Dissolved solids made of 75 elements.
Ocean water mostly…Cl, Na, Mg, S, Ca, K
85% of solids is HALITE
Trace elements(in small amounts) Au, Zn, P

7. Sources of Dissolved Solids
Volcanic eruptions
Chemical weathering of rock on land
Chemical reactions b/t sea water and newly formed sea floor rocks

8. Salinity of Ocean H2O
Salinity – measure of the amount of dissolved salts and other solids in a given liquid
Measured by # grams of dissolved solids in 1,000 grams ocean water (parts per thousand or ‰)
Higher salinity = better conductivity

9. Factors that Change Salinity
Precipitation = fresh water
Ocean water evaporates or freezes…only H2O molecules removed
Rate of evaporation higher than precipitation = salinity of surface water increases
Equatorial water = salinity lower
Salinity ranges 33‰ to 36 ‰, average 34.7 ‰

10. Temperature of Ocean Water
Varies with depth and location on the surface
Temperature range is affected by amount of solar energy and movement of water in the ocean